Number: RS22398
Title: The Jackson-Vanik Amendment and Candidate Countries for WTO Accession: Issues for Congress
Authors: William H. Cooper, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division 
Abstract: Under Title IV of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended, most communist or nonmarketeconomy countries were denied MFN status unless they fulfilled freedom of emigration conditions as contained in section 402, the so-called Jackson-Vanik amendment, or were granted a presidential waiver of the conditions, subject to congressional disapproval. The statute still applies to many of these countries, even though most have replaced their communist governments. The majority of these countries have joined the WTO or are candidates for accession. Several countries are close to completing the accession process, and Congress could soon face the issue of what to do about their NTR status to ensure that the United States benefits from those accession agreements. During the second session of the 110th Congress, Members may face the issue of whether to extend PNTR to Russia or to other countries acceding to the WTO.
Pages: 6
Date: January 8, 2008