Number: RS21237
Title: Indian and Pakistani Nuclear Weapons Status
Authors: Sharon Squassoni, Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division 
Abstract: Until 2005, India and Pakistan were the only states outside the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty to declare, openly, their nuclear weapons capability. In 1998, they tested nuclear weapons and since then, deployed ballistic missiles, enunciated nuclear doctrine, and made organizational changes to their nuclear establishments. In 2002, they teetered on the brink of war in Kashmir. This paper summarizes Indian and Pakistani nuclear weapon capabilities and thinking, and discusses some confidencebuilding measures in place intended to help avert nuclear war.
Pages: 6
Date: February 17, 2005