Number: RL33301
Title: Congress and Program Evaluation: An Overview of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) and Related Issues
Authors: Clinton T. Brass, Government and Finance Division; Blas Nunez-Neto and Erin D. Williams, Domestic Social Policy Division 
Abstract: Before discussing RCTs in detail, this report places them in context by discussing (1) questions that program evaluations are typically intended to address, (2) how RCTs relate to other program evaluation methods, and (3) two major roles that Congress often takes with regard to program evaluation. The report next describes the basic attributes of an RCT, major ways to judge an RCT's quality, and diverse views about the practical capabilities and limitations of RCTs as a form of program evaluation. In light of concerns about the reliability of individual studies to support decision making, the report also discusses how RCTs can fit into systematic reviews of many evaluations. The report next highlights two areas where RCTs have garnered recent attention - in education policy and the President's annual budget proposal to Congress. Finally, the report identifies potential issues for Congress that could apply to the highlighted cases, oversight of other policy areas, and pending legislation. Because the vocabulary of program evaluation can be confusing, an appendix provides a glossary with definitions of selected terms.
Pages: 54
Date: March 7, 2006