For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL33245 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ¡ ¢ ¢ ¢ Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress ¢ ¡ ¢ Leaders and Members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the Vice President, individuals in positions on the Executive Schedule (EX), and federal justices and judges--all hereafter referred to as federal officials--are to receive an annual pay adjustment under the Ethics Reform Act of 1989, P.L. 101-194 (103 Stat. 1716, at 1769, 5 U.S.C. §5318 note). The percentage change in the wages and salaries for the private industry workers element of the Employment Cost Index (ECI), minus 0.5% (December indicator), provides the basis for the pay adjustment. In January 2009, legislative and executive officials received a 2.8% salary increase. Justices and judges have not received the pay adjustment because Congress has not authorized the salary increase as required by law. Section 140 of P.L. 97-92, enacted on December 15, 1981, provides that any salary increase for justices and judges must be specifically authorized by Congress. P.L. 110-329, the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009 (H.R. 2638), enacted on September 30, 2008, which provides funds for government operations from October 1, 2008, through March 6, 2009, does not include the authorization. The 110th Congress considered, but did not enact, legislation that would have adjusted the pay of federal justices and judges. The Federal Judicial Salary Restoration Act of 2008, S. 1638, as reported, amended, and H.R. 3753, as ordered to be reported, amended, would have authorized pay increases of 28.7%-28.8% over January 2008 salaries to district court judges, courts of appeals judges, Court of International Trade judges, Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, and the Chief Justice of the United States. The bills also would have repealed the provision of law that requires Congress to specifically authorize any salary increases for justices and judges and amended current law to provide that justices and judges would receive the same percentage pay adjustment as is authorized each year for base pay under the General Schedule. S. 2353, the Fair Judicial Compensation Act of 2007, would have authorized a 16.5% pay increase over January 2008 salaries to district court judges, courts of appeals judges, Court of International Trade judges, Associate Justices, and the Chief Justice. The House Committee on the Judiciary ordered H.R. 3753 to be reported, as amended, on a 28 to 5 vote on December 12, 2007. During a December 13, 2007, markup, the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, by voice vote, agreed to an amendment that was offered by Senator Dianne Feinstein to amend S. 1638 to provide the same compensation provisions as H.R. 3753. The committee resumed consideration of S. 1638 on January 31, 2008, and ordered the bill to be reported, as amended, on a 10 to 7 vote the same day. The committee reported S. 1638 (S.Rept. 110-277) on April 1, 2008. S.Con.Res. 70, the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for FY2009, as agreed to by the House and Senate, included a provision at Section 229 on a deficit-neutral reserve fund for judicial pay. EX pay rates provide limitations on maximum basic pay rates for Members of the Senior Executive Service (SES), employees in senior-level (SL) and scientific and professional (ST) positions, and on basic pay, basic pay and locality pay combined, and total compensation for employees in General Schedule (GS) positions. This report will be updated as events dictate. ¢ ¡ Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Officials ................................................................................. 1 Pay Adjustments Since 1991..................................................................................................... 1 Judicial Pay Bills in the 110th Congress.............................................................................. 8 Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for FY2009 (110th Congress).................................. 9 Senior Executive Service and Certain Senior-Level Positions........................................................ 9 Basic Pay Limitation for SL and ST Positions...................................................................11 General Schedule GS-15 Positions................................................................................................ 13 Table 1. Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Salaries, January 2004 to January 2009................. 4 Table 2. Senior Executive Service (SES) Pay ............................................................................... 10 Table 3. Pay for Senior-Level (SL) and Scientific and Professional (ST) Employees .................. 12 Table 4. Pay for General Schedule Grade GS-15 .......................................................................... 15 Author Contact Information .......................................................................................................... 16 ¢ ¡ ¡ A provision in the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 provides for an annual salary adjustment for leaders and Members of the Senate and House of Representatives, the Vice President, individuals in positions on the Executive Schedule (EX), and federal justices and judges.1 The adjustment is based on the percentage change in the wages and salaries (not seasonally adjusted) for the private industry workers element of the Employment Cost Index (ECI), minus 0.5% (December indicator).2 It becomes effective at the same time as, and at a rate no greater than, the annual base pay rate adjustment for federal white-collar civilian employees under the General Schedule (GS).3 The adjustment cannot, however, be less than zero or greater than 5%.4 While this provision of the Ethics Reform Act sets the rate of the judicial pay adjustment, a 1981 law provides that any salary increase for justices and judges must be "specifically authorized by Act of Congress hereafter enacted."5 The legislative, executive, and judicial officials are all hereafter referred to as federal officials in this report. ¢ Since the enactment of the Ethics Reform Act, federal officials have received pay adjustments as follow: 1 P.L. 101-194, §704, November 30, 1989; 103 Stat. 1716, at 1769; 5 U.S.C. 5318 note. The law amended 2 U.S.C. §31(2), 3 U.S.C. §104, 5 U.S.C. §5318, and 28 U.S.C. §461(a). For an analysis of pay adjustments for Members of Congress, see CRS Report RL30014, Salaries of Members of Congress: Current Procedures and Recent Adjustments, by Paul Dwyer (available from CRS). See also CRS Report RS20388, Salary Linkage: Members of Congress and Certain Federal Executive and Judicial Officials, by Barbara L. Schwemle. 2 The term "base quarter" means the three-month period ending on December 31 of a year. The ECI for the last base quarter is reduced by the ECI for the second to last base quarter, the resulting difference is divided by the ECI for the second to last base quarter, and the quotient is multiplied by 100. 3 footnote 1 and Government Management Reform Act of 1994, P.L. 103-356, Title I, §101(4), October 13, 1994; 108 Stat. 3410, at 3411. Under 5 U.S.C. §5318(a), salaries are rounded to the nearest multiple of $100 (or if midway between multiples of $100, to the next higher multiple of $100). 4 Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States provides that "The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services a Compensation which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office." The pay adjustment set under the Ethics Reform Act would not apply to the extent that it would reduce the salary of any individual whose compensation may not be diminished under Article III, Section 1. (28 U.S.C. §461(b).) 5 P.L. 97-92, §140, December 15, 1981; 95 Stat. 1183, at 1200; 28 U.S.C. 461 note. The law provides "[t]hat nothing in this limitation shall be construed to reduce any salary which may be in effect at the time of enactment of this joint resolution nor shall this limitation be construed in any manner to reduce the salary of any Federal judge or of any Justice of the Supreme Court." Congress enacted this provision of law in the wake of a court decision (U.S. v. Will, 449 U.S. 2000 (1980)) brought by several judges on behalf of the entire Judiciary which resulted in the restoration of two (1976 and 1979) of four (1976-1979) judicial pay adjustments that Congress had rejected. The provision was made permanent in the Departments of Commerce, Justice, and State, The Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2002, P.L. 107-77, Title VI, §625, November 28, 2001; 115 Stat. 748, at 803. For FY2009, S. 3260, the Financial Services and General Government Appropriations Act, as reported (S.Rept. 110-417) by the Senate Committee on Appropriations on July 14, 2008, included the authorization at Section 310. P.L. 110-329, the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009 (122 Stat. 3574, H.R. 2638), enacted on September 30, 2008, which provides funds for government operations from October 1, 2008, through March 6, 2009, does not include the authorization. ¢ ¡ Adjustment was 3.6%.6 P.L. 101-520, Title III, §321, November 5, 1990; 104 Stat. 2254, at 2285, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Adjustment was 3.5%. P.L. 102-140, Title III, §305, October 28, 1991; 105 Stat. 782, at 810, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Adjustment was 3.2%. P.L. 102-395, Title III, §304, October 6, 1992; 106 Stat. 1828, at 1859, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Projected adjustment was 2.1%. Congress passed legislation freezing salaries for Members of Congress (P.L. 103-6, §7, March 4, 1993; 107 Stat. 33, at 35). Federal officials did not receive a pay adjustment because GS base pay was not adjusted (P.L. 103-123, §517B, §615, October 28, 1993; 107 Stat. 1226, at 1253-1254, 1261-1263). Projected adjustment was 2.6%, but would have been limited to GS base pay adjustment of 2.0%. Federal officials did not receive a pay adjustment (P.L. 103-329, §630(a)(2), September 30, 1994; 108 Stat. 2382, at 2424). Projected adjustment was 2.3%, but would have been limited to GS base pay adjustment of 2.0%. Federal officials did not receive a pay adjustment (P.L. 104-52, §633, November 19, 1995; 109 Stat. 468, at 507). Projected adjustment was 2.3%. Federal officials did not receive a pay adjustment (P.L. 104-208, §637, September 30, 1996; 110 Stat. 3009, at 3009-364). 6 Under the Ethics Reform Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-194, §703, November 30, 1989; 103 Stat. 1716, at 1768, 5 U.S.C. 5318 note), federal officials (but not Senators) also received a 25% pay adjustment which was compounded with the 3.6% annual pay adjustment. The Senate later passed legislation (Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 1992, P.L. 102-90, August 14, 1991; 105 Stat. 450-451) which became effective on the day of enactment and provided Senators with the same pay as Representatives. For a discussion of the Senate action, see, CRS Report RL30014, Salaries of Members of Congress: Current Procedures and Recent Adjustments, by Paul Dwyer (available from CRS). ¢ ¡ Projected adjustment was 2.9%. Adjustment was 2.3%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment. P.L. 105-119, Title III, §306, November 26, 1997; 111 Stat. 2440, at 2493, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Projected adjustment was 3.4%, but would have been limited to GS base pay adjustment of 3.1%. Federal officials did not receive a pay adjustment (P.L. 105-277, §621, October 21, 1998; 112 Stat. 2681, at 2681-518). Adjustment was 3.4%. P.L. 106-113, Div. B, §1000(a)(1) [Title III, §304], November 29, 1999; 113 Stat. 1501, at 1535, 1501A-36-A37, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Projected adjustment was 3.0%. Adjustment was 2.7%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment. P.L. 106-553, §1(a)(2) [Title III, §309], December 21, 2000; 114 Stat. 2762 at, 2762A-89, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Adjustment was 3.4%. P.L. 107-77, Title III, §305, November 28, 2001; 115 Stat. 748, at 783, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Projected adjustment was 3.3%. Adjustment was 3.1%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment. P.L. 108-6, §1, February 13, 2003; 117 Stat. 10, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Adjustment was 2.2%. Adjusted temporarily at 1.5% pending enactment of P.L. 108-199. P.L. 108-167, §1, December 6, 2003; 117 Stat. 2031, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Adjustment was 2.5%. P.L. 108-447, §306, December 8, 2004; 118 Stat. 2809, at 2895, authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Adjustment was 1.9%. P.L. 109-115, §405, November 30, 2005; 119 Stat. 2396, at 2470 authorized the judicial pay adjustment. ¢ ¡ Projected adjustment was 2.0%. Adjustment was 1.7%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment. The Vice President and individuals on the EX schedule received the 1.7% pay increase. Section 115 of P.L. 110-5 denied the Members a pay adjustment in 2007.7 Justices and judges did not receive a pay adjustment because Congress did not authorize it as required by law. S. 197, to provide the authorization, passed the Senate by unanimous consent on January 8, 2007, and was referred to the House Committee on the Judiciary, but no further action occurred.8 Projected adjustment was 2.7%. Adjustment was 2.5%, the same as the GS base pay adjustment. P.L. 110-161, Division D, §305, December 26, 2007; 121 Stat. 1844 authorized the judicial pay adjustment. Adjustment was 2.8%9. Justices and judges have not received the pay adjustment because Congress has not authorized the salary increase as required by law. Table 1, below, shows the salaries for federal officials from January 2004 to January 2009. ,seiralaS laiciduJ dna ,evitucexE , evitalsigeL .1 elbaT 9002 y raunaJ ot 4002 y raunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ noitisoP 4002 5002 6002 7002 8002 9002 hcnarB evitalsigeL detinU eht fo tnediserP eciV 000,302$ 001,802$ 001,212$ 007,512$ 001,122$ 003,722$ eht fo tnediserP( setatS )etaneS fo esuoH eht fo rekaepS 000,302 001,802 001,212 001,212 004,712 005,322 sevitatneserpeR fo eropmeT orP tnediserP 007,571 001,081 005,381 005,381 001,881 004,391 etaneS eht ytironiM dna ytirojaM 007,571 001,081 005,381 005,381 001,881 004,391 etaneS dna esuoH--sredaeL ,sevitatneserpeR ,srotaneS 001,851 001,261 002,561 002,561 003,961 000,471 7 P.L. 110-5, §115, February 15, 2007, 121 Stat. 8, at 12; 2 U.S.C. §31 note. H.J.Res. 20 was introduced by Representative David Obey on January 29, 2007, and referred to the House Committee on Appropriations. The House passed the resolution on a 286 to 140 vote (Roll No. 72) on January 31, 2007. (The rule on consideration of the resolution was passed on a 225 to 191 vote (Roll No. 67) the same day.) The Senate passed H.J.Res. 20 on an 81 to 15 vote (No. 48) on February 14, 2007. The resolution continued appropriations through September 30, 2007. 8 S. 197 was introduced on January 8, 2007, by Senator Patrick Leahy, for himself, and Senators John Cornyn, Dianne Feinstein, Harry Reid, and Arlen Specter. 9 U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Employment Cost Index--December 2007 (Washington: January 31, 2008), pp. 2, 15. The calculation is 3.3% minus 0.5% = 2.8%. ,srotcerid ,srenoissimmoc 005,341 006,931 002,631 009,331 004,131 002,821 ,srotartsinimdA :V leveL XE snoissimmoc dna sdraob niatrec fo srebmem ,seicnega rellams fo sdaeh ,stnemtraped fo slesnuoc lareneg dna seiraterces 002,351 000,941 004,541 000,341 003,041 009,631 tnatsissA :VI leveL XE seicnega level-elddim fo sdaeh dna stnemtraped fo seiraterces 009,261 005,851 006,451 000,251 002,941 006,541 rednU :III leveL XE seicnega rojam fo sdaeh dna ,stnemtraped yratilim fo seiraterces ,stnemtraped fo seiraterces 000,771 002,271 000,861 002,561 001,261 001,851 ytupeD :II leveL XE slaiciffo level-tenibaC :I leveL 007,691 003,191 006,681 005,381 001,081 007,571 )XE( eludehcS evitucexE setatS 003,722 001,122 007,512 001,212 001,802 000,302 detinU eht fo tnediserP eciV setatS 000,004$ 000,004$ 000,004$ 000,004$ 000,004$ 000,004$ detinU eht fo tnediserP hcnarB evitucexE 008,761 008,761 007,361 007,361 006,061 006,651 lotipaC eht fo tcetihcrA eciffO tegduB lanoissergnoC 008,661 008,661 007,261 007,261 006,951 006,551 ,rotceriD ytupeD yralaS yralaS ytupeD no ytupeD no rotceriD rotceriD gnitcA gnitcA sa gnivres sa gnivres rotceriD rotceriD eciffO tegduB ytupeD 008,761 007,361 ytupeD 006,061 006,651 lanoissergnoC ,rotceriD 009,261 005,851 006,451 000,251 002,941 006,541 retnirP cilbuP ytupeD 000,771 002,271 000,861 002,561 001,261 001,851 retnirP cilbuP ecivreS hcraeseR 009,261 005,851 006,451 000,251 002,941 006,541 lanoissergnoC ,rotceriD 009,261 005,851 006,451 000,251 002,941 006,541 sthgirypoC fo retsigeR 009,261 005,851 006,451 000,251 002,941 006,541 nairarbiL ytupeD 000,771 002,271 000,861 002,561 001,261 001,851 ssergnoC fo nairarbiL lareneG 009,261 005,851 006,451 000,251 002,941 006,541 rellortpmoC ytupeD setatS detinU 000,771 002,271 000,861 002,561 001,261 001,851 eht fo lareneG rellortpmoC setageleD dna ,ociR otreuP fo renoissimmoC tnediseR 9002 8002 7002 6002 5002 4002 noitisoP yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ ¢ ¡ taht naht ssel 000,1$ si OBC fo rotceriD ytupeD eht rof noitasnepmoc fo etar launna ehT .esuoH eht fo reciffo yna fo noitasnepmoc fo etar launna tsehgih eht ro etaneS eht fo reciffo yna fo noitasnepmoc fo etar launna tsehgih eht fo rewol eht ot lauqe si OBC fo rotceriD eht rof noitasnepmoc fo etar launna eht ,))B()A()5()a(106§ .C.S.U 2( etutats yB .detsujda ton saw yap ssergnoC fo rebmeM esuaceb ,7002 yraunaJ ni detsujda ton erew osla )OBC( eciffO tegduB lanoissergnoC eht fo rotceriD ytupeD dna rotceriD eht rof seiralas ehT ).eton 13§ .C.S.U 2 ;21 ta ,8 .tatS 121 ,7002 ,51 .beF ,511§ ,5-011 .L.P( .setageleD dna ,ociR otreuP fo renoissimmoC tnediseR ,sevitatneserpeR ,srotaneS eht dna ,etaneS dna esuoH eht fo sredael ytironim dna ytirojam eht ,etaneS eht fo eropmet orp tnediserP eht ,sevitatneserpeR fo esuoH eht fo rekaepS eht ot 7002 ni tnemtsujda yap a deined 5-011 .L.P fo 511 noitceS :setoN 003,961 003,961 002,561 002,561 001,261 ot pu ot pu ot pu ot pu ot pu 006,541 sevitucexE tiucriC 003,961 003,961 002,561 002,561 001,261 001,851 ecitsuJ feihC eht ot pu ot pu ot pu ot pu ot pu ot pu ot tnatsissA evitartsinimdA retneC laiciduJ 657,551 657,551 489,151 489,151 231,941 005,541 laredeF ,rotceriD ytupeD retneC 003,961 003,961 002,561 002,561 001,261 001,851 laiciduJ laredeF ,rotceriD struoC .S.U fo eciffO evitartsinimdA 657,551 657,551 489,151 489,151 231,941 005,541 ,rotceriD ytupeD struoC .S.U fo eciffO 003,961 003,961 002,561 002,561 001,261 001,851 evitartsinimdA ,rotceriD 657,551 657,551 489,151 489,151 231,941 005,541 segduJ etartsigaM 657,551 657,551 489,151 489,151 231,941 005,541 segduJ yctpurknaB smialC snareteV rof slaeppA 003,961 003,961 002,561 002,561 001,261 001,851 fo truoC .S.U ,segduJ setatS detinU 003,961 003,961 002,561 002,561 001,261 001,851 eht fo truoC xaT ,segduJ edarT lanoitanretnI fo 003,961 003,961 002,561 002,561 001,261 001,851 truoC setatS detinU ,segduJ smialC laredeF fo 003,961 003,961 002,561 002,561 001,261 001,851 truoC setatS detinU ,segduJ 003,961 003,961 002,561 002,561 001,261 001,851 struoC tcirtsiD .S.U ,segduJ secivreS demrA eht rof slaeppA 005,971 005,971 001,571 001,571 008,171 006,761 fo truoC .S.U ,segduJ laeppA 005,971 005,971 001,571 001,571 008,171 006,761 fo struoC .S.U ,segduJ truoC emerpuS 001,802 001,802 000,302 000,302 002,991 003,491 eht fo secitsuJ etaicossA setatS 004,712$ 004,712$ 001,212$ 001,212$ 001,802$ 000,302$ detinU eht fo ecitsuJ feihC hcnarB laiciduJ seicnega fo stinu ro ,snoissimmoc ,sdraob fo srebmem dna 9002 8002 7002 6002 5002 4002 noitisoP yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ yraunaJ ¢ ¡ .5002 ,1 yraunaJ no tceffe ni yralas eht ,001,081$ eb lliw 9002 ni yralas s'roiretnI eht fo yraterceS eht taht sedivorp ,9002 ,7 yraunaJ no sevitatneserpeR fo esuoH eht dna ,9002 ,6 yraunaJ no etaneS eht yb dessap sa ,3 .seR.J.S .)7002 ,1 yraunaJ no tceffe ni yralas eht( 006,681$ eb lliw 9002 ni yralas s'etatS fo yraterceS eht taht sedivorp ,8002 ,91 rebmeceD no detcane )64 .seR.J.S( 554-011 .L.P .esualC stnemulomE eht sa ot derrefer ylnommoc si sihT " ....emit hcus gnirud desaercni neeb evah llahs foerehw stnemulomE eht ro ,detaerc neeb evah llahs hcihw ,setatS detinU eht fo ytirohtuA eht rednu eciffO livic yna ot detnioppa eb ,detcele saw eh hcihw rof emiT eht gnirud ,llahs evitatneserpeR ro rotaneS oN" ,setatS detinU eht fo noitutitsnoC eht fo 6 noitceS ,I elcitrA rednU .wal yb deriuqer sa esaercni yralas eht dezirohtua ton sah ssergnoC esuaceb ,9002 yraunaJ rof dezirohtua tnemtsujda yap %8.2 eht deviecer ton evah segduj dna secitsuJ .derrucco noitca rehtruf on tub ,yraiciduJ eht no eettimmoC esuoH eht ot derrefer saw dna ,7002 ,8 yraunaJ no tnesnoc suominanu yb etaneS eht dessap ,noitazirohtua eht edivorp ot ,791 .S .ssergnoC yb dezirohtua ton saw ti esuaceb 7002 ni tnemtsujda yap a eviecer ton did segduj dna secitsuJ .secruoseR laiciduJ no eettimmoC ecnerefnoC laiciduJ eht yb yduts rednu si noisivorp sihT .stnemeriuqer elbacilppa htiw ecnamrofnocnon fo gnidnif a nopu emit yna ta detanimret eb yam tub ,sraey radnelac owt fo doirep a rof si noitacifitreC .noisivorp eht tnemelpmi ot yrassecen serusaem rehto ro ,snoitacifitrec ,)seeyolpme TS dna LS dna SES eht fo srebmem rof snoitaluger tegduB dna tnemeganaM fo eciffO dna tnemeganaM lennosreP fo eciffO eht htiw tnetsisnoc eb tsum hcihw( snoitaluger yna rof elbisnopser si rotceriD OA ehT ".ecnamrofrep evitaler no desab snoitcnitsid lufgninaem" ekam tsum ",deilppa dna dengised sa" ,seeyolpme rof smetsys lasiarppa ecnamrofreP .wal yb dexif esiwrehto ton si noitasnepmoc esohw struoc eht fo seeyolpme rehto dna ,stnatsissa lacirelc ,srehpargonets ,seiraterces ,skrelc wal ,sregnessem ,sreirc ,snairarbil ,seituped ,truoc fo skrelc rof noitasnepmoc tes ot rotceriD OA eht sezirohtua hcihw 406§ .C.S.U 82 rednu diap seeyolpme ot seilppa osla noisivorp sihT .))d(7035§ .C.S.U 5 ;8922-7922 ta ,5312 .tatS 611 ;2002 ,52 .voN ,2231§ ,IIIX eltiT ,692-701 .L.P ,2002 fo tcA ytiruceS dnalemoH( .yralas s'tnediserP eciV eht ot pu eb yam rotceriD OA ytupeD eht dna ,rotceriD OA eht ,sevitucexE tiucriC rof noitasnepmoc latoT .8002 ,92 yraunaJ no liam cinortcele yb OA eht yb SRC ot dedivorp erew troper siht ni dedulcni sevitucexE tiucriC rof seiralas ehT .))1()f(233§ .C.S.U 82( VI leveL XE deecxe ton yam dna ecnerefnoC laiciduJ eht yb dehsilbatse era sevitucexE tiucriC rof seiralaS .)776§ .C.S.U 82( yralas s'rotceriD OA eht deecxe tonnac ecitsuJ feihC eht ot tnatsissA evitartsinimdA eht rof yralas ehT .)626§ .C.S.U 82( yralas s'rotceriD OA ytupeD eht sa emas eht si CJF eht fo rotceriD ytupeD eht rof yralas ehT .)626§ .C.S.U 82( yralas s'rotceriD OA eht sa emas eht si )CJF( retneC laiciduJ laredeF eht fo rotceriD eht rof yralas ehT .)306§ .C.S.U 82( yralas s'rotceriD OA eht fo %29 si OA eht fo rotceriD ytupeD eht rof yralas ehT .)306§ .C.S.U 82( segduJ truoC tcirtsiD .S.U fo taht sa emas eht si struoC .S.U fo )OA( eciffO evitartsinimdA eht fo rotceriD eht rof yralas ehT .elmewhcS .L arabraB yb ,noitasnepmoC :setatS detinU eht fo tnediserP ,51102SR tropeR SRC ees ,yralas s'tnediserP eht fo noissucsid a roF .201§ .C.S.U 3 ;874 ta ,034 .tatS 311 ;9991 ,92 .tpeS ,446§ ,IV eltiT ,85-601 .L.P ,0002 ,tcA snoitairporppA tnemnrevoG lareneG dna yrusaerT eht yb dehsilbatse saw dna ,1002 ,02 yraunaJ no noon ta evitceffe emaceb yralas tnerruc s'tnediserP ehT .)rohtua eht morf ffats rieht dna ssergnoC fo srebmeM ot elbaliava( kcindurB .A adI yb ,seiralaS ffatS dna reciffO no ezeerF yaP lanoissergnoC fo tceffE ,mudnaromeM SRC ees ,setar yap ssergnoC fo rebmeM ot deit era hcihw seiralas ffats lanoissergnoc fo sisylana na roF .wal yb eludehcS evitucexE eht ot deit era )303§ .C.S.U 44( retnirP cilbuP ytupeD eht dna ,)303§ .C.S.U 44( retnirP cilbuP eht ,))1()c(661§ .C.S.U 2( ecivreS hcraeseR lanoissergnoC eht fo rotceriD eht ,))f(107§ .C.S.U 71( sthgirypoC fo retsigeR eht ,))2(2-a631§ .C.S.U 2( nairarbiL ytupeD eht ,))1(2-a631§ .C.S.U 2( ssergnoC fo nairarbiL eht ,))2()f(307§ .C.S.U 13( lareneG rellortpmoC ytupeD eht ,))1()f(307§ .C.S.U 13( setatS detinU eht fo lareneG rellortpmoC eht rof seiralaS .tceffe ni sniamer yralas 8002 eht ,erofereht ,deussi neeb evah 9002 rof sredro yap esuoH ron etaneS eht rehtien ,gnitirw siht fo sA .etaneS eht fo repeekrooD dna smrA ta tnaegreS eht ro sevitatneserpeR fo esuoH eht fo smrA ta tnaegreS eht rof yralas launna eht fo ressel eht ot lauqe si tcetihcrA eht rof noitasnepmoc fo etar launna eht ,)2081§ .C.S.U 2( etutats yB .detsujda ton saw yap ssergnoC fo rebmeM esuaceb ,7002 yraunaJ ni detsujda ton saw osla lotipaC eht fo tcetihcrA eht rof yralas ehT .nugeb tey ton sah erunet sih tub ,OBC fo rotceriD wen eht eb lliw frodnemlE .W salguoD taht ,8002 ,03 rebmeceD no decnuonna ,.rJ ,ttarpS nhoJ evitatneserpeR ,namriahC tegduB eht no eettimmoC esuoH dna ,isoleP ycnaN ,esuoH eht fo rekaepS ).9002 ,21 yraunaJ no liam cinortcele yb dna ,8002 ,32 yraunaJ no liam cinortcele yb ,7002 ,91 rebmevoN no liam cinortcele dna enohpelet yb ffats OBC yb SRC ot dedivorp noitamrofnI( .tceffe ni sniamer yralas 8002 eht ,erofereht ,deussi neeb evah 9002 rof sredro yap esuoH ron etaneS eht rehtien ,gnitirw siht fo sA .eciffo demussa rotceriD OBC eht nehw ,7002 ,81 yraunaJ litnu ,yralas ytupeD eht ta ,rotceriD gnitcA sa deunitnoc rotceriD ytupeD ehT .rotceriD eht fo ¢ ¡ ¢ ¡ ¢ The Federal Judicial Salary Restoration Act of 2008, S. 1638, as reported, amended, by the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, and H.R. 3753, as ordered to be reported, amended, by the House Committee on the Judiciary, would have authorized a 28.7%-28.8% pay increase over January 2008 salaries to federal justices and judges.11 S. 2353, the Fair Judicial Compensation Act of 2007, introduced by Senator Richard Durbin on November 14, 2007, would have authorized a 16.5% pay increase over January 2008 salaries. Both S. 1638 and H.R. 3753 would have repealed the provision of law, codified at 28 U.S.C. §461 note, that requires Congress to specifically authorize any salary increases for justices and judges and amended 28 U.S.C. §461(a) to provide that justices and judges would have received the same percentage pay adjustment as is authorized each year for base pay under the General Schedule. The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) prepared cost estimates for H.R. 3753, as ordered to be reported, on February 1, 2008, and for S. 1638, as reported, on March 28, 2008. According to the estimates, the salary increases and annual cost of living adjustments for judges appointed under Article III of the Constitution and bankruptcy judges would have increase[d] direct spending by $556 million over the 2009-2013 period and by $1.4 billion over the 2009-2018 period.12 All the bills would have authorized to be appropriated such sums as necessary to carry out the act. S. 1638 and H.R. 3753 would have become effective upon enactment. S. 2353 would have become effective as of the first applicable pay period beginning on or after the act's enactment. The legislation would have authorized the following salaries: · Chief Justice of the United States--$279,900 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753), and $253,300 (S. 2353); · Associate Justices of the Supreme Court--$267,900 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753), and $242,400 (S. 2353); · Courts of Appeals Judges--$231,100 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753), and $209,100 (S. 2353); 10 For an analysis of other provisions in the legislation, see CRS Report RL34281, Judicial Salary: Current Issues and Options for Congress, by Denis Steven Rutkus. 11 Senator Patrick Leahy introduced S. 1638 on June 15, 2007. His statement upon introduction of the bill expressed his views that "[t]he independence of the judiciary is compromised ... if judges leave the bench for financial reasons" and "[t]he quality of the judiciary is threatened if judges' salaries are inadequate to attract and retain our best legal minds." See, Statement of Senator Patrick Leahy, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 153, June 15, 2007, p. S7793. During a December 13, 2007, markup of S. 1638, the Senate Committee on the Judiciary, by voice vote, agreed to an amendment offered by Senator Dianne Feinstein to amend the bill to provide the same compensation provisions as H.R. 3753. The committee resumed consideration of S. 1638 on January 31, 2008. Senator Richard Durbin offered an amendment to provide a 16.5% pay adjustment, but the committee rejected it on a 4 to 13 vote. The committee ordered S. 1638 to be reported, as amended, on a 10 to 7 vote on January 31, 2008. The committee reported the bill on April 1, 2008 (S.Rept. 110-277). Representative John Conyers introduced H.R. 3753 on October 4, 2007. The House Committee on the Judiciary marked up the bill and ordered it to be reported, as amended, on a 28 to 5 vote on December 12, 2007. 12 U.S. Congressional Budget Office, Cost Estimate, H.R. 3753 Federal Judicial Salary Restoration Act of 2007, February 1, 2008, p. 3. U.S. Congressional Budget Office, Cost Estimate, S. 1638 Federal Judicial Salary Restoration Act of 2007, March 28, 2008, p. 3. ¢ ¡ · District Court Judges--$218,000 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753), and $197,200 (S. 2353); and · Court of International Trade Judges--$218,000 (S. 1638 and H.R. 3753), and $197,200 (S. 2353). The Senate Committee on the Judiciary report that accompanied S. 1638 stated that the bill would increase the salaries of Federal judges to ensure that the design of life tenure is not eroded but ... is also balanced with provisions to ensure that our federal judges maintain the highest ethical standards to promote confidence in their impartiality.13 S.Con.Res. 70, the Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for FY2009, as agreed to or passed by the House and Senate included a provision at Section 229 on a deficit-neutral reserve fund for judicial pay: The Chairman of the Senate Committee on the Budget may revise the allocations of a committee or committees, aggregates, and other levels in this resolution for one or more bills, joint resolutions, amendments, motions, or conference reports that would authorize salary adjustments for justices and judges of the United States ... by the amounts provided in such legislation for those purposes, provided that such legislation would not increase the deficit over either the period of the total of fiscal years 2008 through 2013 or the period of the total of fiscal years 2008 through 2018.14 ¡ Maximum basic pay rates for members of the Senior Executive Service (SES) and certain senior- level positions are tied to the Executive Schedule. An individual in an SES position: (1) directs the work of an organizational unit; (2) is held accountable for the success of one or more specific programs or projects; (3) monitors progress toward organizational goals and periodically evaluates and makes appropriate adjustments to such goals; (4) supervises the work of employees other than personal assistants; or (5) otherwise exercises important policy-making, policy- determining, or other executive functions.15 Salaries for members of the SES are determined annually by agency heads "under a rigorous performance management system," and range from the minimum rate of basic pay for a senior level (SL) employee (120% of the minimum basic pay 13 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Federal Judicial Salary Restoration Act of 2008, report to accompany S. 1638, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., S.Rept. 110-277 (Washington: GPO, 2008), p. 3. A Star Print of the report was ordered on April 7, 2008. 14 S.Con.Res. 70, Enrolled, June 5, 2008, as agreed to by the House and Senate, p. 28. As passed by the Senate on March 14, 2008, on a 51-44 (Record No. 85) vote, S.Con.Res. 70 included the provision at Section 308. See also, U.S. Congress, Conference Committees, 2008, Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for Fiscal Year 2009, conference report to accompany S.Con.Res. 70, 110th Cong., 2nd sess., H.Rept. 110-659 (Washington: GPO, 2008), pp. 29, 116, 124. The Senate agreed to the conference report on a 48-45 (Record No. 142) vote on June 4, 2008. The House agreed to the conference report on a 214-210 (Roll No. 382) vote on June 5, 2008. 15 5 U.S.C. §3132(a)(2). ¢ ¡ rate for GS-15; $117,787, as of January 2009) to either EX Level III ($162,900, as of January 2009), in agencies whose performance appraisal systems have not been certified by the Office of Personnel Management (OPM) as making "meaningful distinctions based on relative performance," or EX Level II ($177,000, as of January 2009), in agencies whose performance appraisal systems have been so certified.16 Total compensation17 for members of the SES in agencies whose performance appraisal systems "as designed and applied" have been certified by OPM may be up to the Vice President's salary ($227,300, as of January 2009)18 and up to EX Level I ($196,700, as of January 2009) in agencies whose performance appraisal systems have not been so certified.19 Table 2, below, shows January 2004 through January 2009 salaries for the SES. yaP )SES( eciv reS evitucexE roineS .2 elbaT muminiM mumixaM sutats metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofreP 4002 yraunaJ evitceffE 729,401$ 006,541$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a tuohtiw seicnegA 729,401$ 001,851$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a htiw seicnegA 5002 yraunaJ evitceffE 055,701$ 002,941$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a tuohtiw seicnegA 055,701$ 001,261$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a htiw seicnegA 6002 yraunaJ evitceffE 808,901$ 000,251$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a tuohtiw seicnegA 808,901$ 002,561$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a htiw seicnegA 7002 yraunaJ evitceffE 676,111$ 006,451$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a tuohtiw seicnegA 16 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004, P.L. 108-136, Div. A, Title XI, §1125(a)(2), November 24, 2003; 117 Stat. 1392, at 1638-1639; 5 U.S.C. §5382. The Office of Personnel Management published interim regulations on January 13, 2004, proposed regulations on July 29, 2004, and final regulations on December 6, 2004, to implement the pay system. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, "Senior Executive Service Pay and Performance Awards," Federal Register, vol. 69, no. 8, January 13, 2004, pp. 2047-2052. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, "Senior Executive Service Pay and Performance Awards and Aggregate Limitation on Pay," Federal Register, vol. 69, no. 145, July 29, 2004, pp. 45535-45546. U.S. Office of Personnel Management, "Senior Executive Service Pay and Performance Awards; Aggregate Limitation on Pay," Federal Register, vol. 69, no. 233, December 6, 2004, pp. 70355- 70367. See CRS Report RL33128, Senior Executive Service (SES) Pay for Performance System, by L. Elaine Halchin, for an analysis of the SES pay adjustment process. 17 The term total compensation as used in this report refers to the aggregate of allowances, differentials, bonuses, awards, or other similar cash payments, and basic pay. It does not include advance payments, payments to missing employees, or back pay. The term also does not include travel and transportation allowances, except for recruitment, relocation, and retention bonuses, supervisory differentials, and expenses to obtain professional credentials, or allowances, generally, except for foreign area post differentials and danger pay, nonforeign area post differentials, and physicians comparability allowances. (5 U.S.C. §5307(a)). 18 Homeland Security Act of 2002, P.L. 107-296, Title XIII, §1322, November 25, 2002; 116 Stat. 2135, at 2297-2298; 5 U.S.C. §5307(d) provided for OPM certification of agency performance appraisal systems with the concurrence of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). See footnote 16 for the regulations implementing the provision. An agency's certification is for a period of two calendar years, but may be terminated at any time upon a finding that the agency has not conformed with applicable requirements. 19 5 U.S.C. §5307(a)(1). ¢ ¡ muminiM mumixaM sutats metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofreP 676,111$ 000,861$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a htiw seicnegA 8002 yraunaJ evitceffE 864,411$ 005,851$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a tuohtiw seicnegA 864,411$ 002,271$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a htiw seicnegA 9002 yraunaJ evitceffE 787,711$ 009,261$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a tuohtiw seicnegA 787,711$ 000,771$ metsys lasiarppa ecnamrofrep deifitrec a htiw seicnegA Currently, basic pay for certain senior-level positions--positions classified above GS-15 (SL pay schedule) and scientific or professional positions (ST pay schedule)--ranges from 120% of the minimum rate of basic pay for GS-15 ($117,787, as of January 2009) to EX Level IV ($153,200, as of January 2009).20 The upper level limitation will increase as of April 12, 2009, as discussed in the section on "Basic Pay Limitation for SL and ST Positions" below. Currently, SL and ST employees (unlike individuals in positions on the EX schedule or members of the SES) receive locality-based comparability payments. The total of base pay and locality pay cannot exceed EX Level III ($162,900, as of January 2009).21 As of April 12, 2009, SL and ST employees will not receive locality pay. Total compensation for SL and ST employees in agencies whose performance appraisal systems "as designed and applied" have been certified by OPM may be up to the Vice President's salary ($227,300, as of January 2009)22 and up to EX Level I ($196,700, as of January 2009) in agencies whose performance appraisal systems have not been so certified.23 ¢ Senator George Voinovich introduced S. 1046, the Senior Professional Performance Act of 2008, on March 29, 2007. (In the 109th Congress, similar provisions were included in S. 3492 at Section 6.) In his statement upon introducing the bills, Senator Voinovich stated that "employees should receive annually a rigorous evaluation" with pay determined "by the productivity, effectiveness, and the contributions of an employee." He stated that the amendments proposed in S. 1046 would keep SL and ST employees "on equal footing" with members of the Senior Executive Service in terms of pay and performance management.24 The bill was referred to the Senate Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Management, the Federal Workforce, and the District of Columbia of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs. It was marked up and ordered reported without amendment by the full committee on June 13, 2007. The committee reported S. 1046, without amendment, on April 22, 2008 (S.Rept. 110-328).25 During Senate 20 Treasury, Postal Service and General Government Appropriations Act, 1991, P.L. 101-509, Title V, §529 [Title I, §102(a)(1)], November 5, 1990; 104 Stat. 1389, at 1427, 1443; 5 U.S.C. §5376. 21 5 U.S.C. §5304(g)(2). 22 Homeland Security Act of 2002, P.L. 107-296, Title XIII, §1322, November 25, 2002; 116 Stat. 2135, at 2297-2298; 5 U.S.C. §5307(d) provided for OPM certification of agency performance appraisal systems with the concurrence of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). See footnote 16 for the regulations implementing the provision. An agency's certification is for a period of two calendar years, but may be terminated at any time upon a finding that the agency has not conformed with applicable requirements. 23 5 U.S.C. §5307(a)(1). 24 Statement of Senator George Voinovich, Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 153, March 29, 2007, p. S4180. 25 U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, Senior Professional (continued...) ¢ ¡ consideration of the bill, a substitute amendment offered by Senator Voinovich was agreed to and the Senate passed S. 1046 by unanimous consent on July 11, 2008.26 The bill, as passed by the Senate was referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform on July 14, 2008. The Congressional Budget Office estimated that implementation of S. 1046 would cost "roughly $7 million between 2008 and 2012."27 The House of Representatives passed S. 1046 under suspension of the rules on a 419 to 0 (Roll No. 659) vote on September 26, 2008. During the House debate, Representative Christopher Shays stated that "the purpose of the bill is to align the pay system for ... [SL's and ST's] with that of the Senior Executive Service Members."28 President Bush signed the bill on October 8, 2008, and it became P.L. 110-372. Among other provisions, the law amends 5 U.S.C. §5376(b)(1)(B) to provide that SL and ST employees in agencies whose performance appraisal systems have been certified by OPM as making meaningful distinctions in performance, may receive basic pay up to Level II of the Executive Schedule ($177,000, as of January 2009). In agencies whose performance appraisal systems have not been so certified by OPM, SL and ST employees may receive basic pay up to Level III of the Executive Schedule ($162,900, as of January 2009). SL and ST employees will not receive locality pay. According to OPM, guidance on implementing the law will be provided to departments and agencies and the provisions will become effective on April 12, 2009. Table 3, below, shows January 2004 through January 2009 salaries for SL and ST employees in the Washington, DC, and "Rest of the United States" locality pay areas.29 3 elbaT seeyolpmE )TS( lanoisseforP dna cifitneicS dna )LS( leveL-roineS rof yaP . aerA yaP CD ,notgnihsaW aerA yaP "setatS detinU eht fo tseR" muminiM mumixaM muminiM mumixaM 4002 yraunaJ evitceffE yaP cisaB yaP cisaB 729,401$ 009,631$ 729,401$ 009,631$ tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW 872,021$ 006,541$ 463,611$ 006,541$ 5002 yraunaJ evitceffE yaP cisaB yaP cisaB 055,701$ 003,041$ 055,701$ 003,041$ tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW 637,421$ 002,941$ 551,021$ 002,941$ (...continued) Performance Act of 2007, report to accompany S. 1046, 110th Cong., 2nd sess. (Washington: GPO, 2008). 26 Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 154, July 11, 2008, pp. S6609-S6610. 27 U.S. Congressional Budget Office, Cost Estimate, S. 1046 Senior Professional Performance Act of 2007, September 12, 2007. 28 Congressional Record, daily edition, September 25, 2008, p. H9884. 29 There are 32 locality pay areas for the purposes of the locality-based comparability payments--31 discrete pay areas and a "Rest of the United States" pay area covering all employees not in one of the 31 areas. Salary information for SL and ST employees in all 32 locality pay areas is available on the Internet at http://www.opm.gov. ¢ ¡ aerA yaP CD ,notgnihsaW aerA yaP "setatS detinU eht fo tseR" 6002 yraunaJ evitceffE yaP cisaB yaP cisaB 808,901$ 000,341$ 808,901$ 000,341$ tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW 420,921$ 000,251$ 655,321$ 000,251$ 7002 yraunaJ evitceffE yaP cisaB yaP cisaB 676,111$ 004,541$ 676,111$ 004,541$ tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW 734,231$ 006,451$ 297,521$ 006,451$ 8002 yraunaJ evitceffE yaP cisaB yaP cisaB 864,411$ 000,941$ 864,411$ 000,941$ tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW 083,831$ 005,851$ 555,921$ 005,851$ 9002 yraunaJ evitceffE yaP cisaB yaP cisaB 002,351$ 787,711$ 002,351$ 787,711$ tnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW stnemtsujdA yaP ytilacoL htiW 009,261$ 211,431$ 009,261$ 699,441$ ,ainigriV nrehtroN-eromitlaB-notgnihsaW eht deman yllaiciffo si aera yap ytilacol ,CD ,notgnihsaW ehT :etoN natiloporteM ,VW-DM ,grubsnitraM-nwotsregaH eht sulp ,)ASC( aerA lacitsitatS denibmoC ,VW-AV-DM-CD .AV ,ytnuoC egroeG gniK dna ,ASC ,AP ,grubsytteG-revonaH-kroY eht ,aerA lacitsitatS The General Schedule (GS) is the basic pay schedule for federal white-collar employees. It is divided into grades of difficulty and responsibility of work. There are 15 grades and 10 steps within each grade. The duties attached to positions at each grade are stated in statute at 5 U.S.C. §5104. Those for a GS-15, the top level of the schedule, are these: (A) to perform, under general administrative direction, with very wide latitude for the exercise of independent judgment, work of outstanding difficulty and responsibility along special technical, supervisory, or administrative lines which has demonstrated leadership and exceptional attainments; (B) to serve as head of a major organization within a bureau involving work of comparable level; (C) to plan and direct or to plan and execute specialized programs of marked difficulty, responsibility, and national significance, along professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other lines, requiring extended training and experience which has demonstrated leadership and unusual attainments in professional, scientific, or technical ¢ ¡ research, practice, or administration, or in administrative, fiscal, or other specialized activities; or (D) to perform consulting or other professional, scientific, technical, administrative, fiscal, or other specialized work of equal importance, difficulty, and responsibility, and requiring comparable qualifications.30 GS employees receive an annual adjustment to basic pay and a locality-based comparability payment. EX pay rates provide limitations on GS pay. Basic pay cannot exceed EX Level V ($143,500, as of January 2009); basic pay and locality pay combined cannot exceed EX Level IV ($153,200, as of January 2009); and total compensation cannot exceed EX Level I ($196,700, as of January 2009).31 GS-15 employees at the upper end of that pay grade in 16 areas are currently affected by the EX Level IV cap on basic pay and locality pay combined as follows: · employees at step 10 in the (1) Denver-Aurora-Boulder, CO, CSA, plus the Ft. Collins-Loveland, CO, MSA; (2) Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL, MSA, plus Monroe County, FL; (3) Minneapolis-St. Paul-St. Cloud, MN-WI, CSA; (4) Philadelphia-Camden-Vineland, PA-NJ-DE-MD, CSA, plus Kent County, DE, Atlantic County, NJ, and Cape May County, NJ; (5) Sacramento - Arden-Arcade - Yuba City, CA-NV, CSA, plus Carson City, NV; (6) Seattle- Tacoma-Olympia, WA, CSA, plus Whatcom County, WA; and (7) Washington- Baltimore-Northern Virginia, DC-MD-VA-WV, CSA, plus the Hagerstown- Martinsburg, MD-WV, MSA, the York-Hanover-Gettysburg, PA, CSA, and King George County, VA. · employees at steps 9 and 10 in the (1) Boston-Worcester-Manchester, MA-RI- NH, Combined Statistical Area (CSA), plus Barnstable County, MA, and Berwick, Eliot, Kittery, South Berwick, and York towns in York County, ME; (2) Chicago-Naperville-Michigan City, IL-IN-WI, CSA; (3) Detroit-Warren-Flint, MI, CSA, plus Lenawee County, MI; (4) Hartford-West Hartford-Willimantic, CT, CSA, plus the Springfield, MA, MSA and New London County, CT; (5) Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside, CA, CSA, plus the Santa Barbara-Santa Maria- Goleta, CA, MSA and Edwards Air Force Base, CA; and (6) San Diego- Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA, MSA. · employees at steps 8, 9, and 10 in the (1) Houston-Baytown, Huntsville, TX, CSA; and (2) New York-Newark-Bridgeport, NY-NJ-CT-PA, CSA, plus Monroe County, PA, and Warren County, NJ. · employees at steps 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland, CA, CSA, plus the Salinas, CA, MSA and San Joaquin County, CA.32 Table 4, below, shows January 2004 through January 2009 salaries for employees at GS grade 15 in the Washington, DC, and "Rest of the United States" locality pay areas.33 30 5 U.S.C. §5104(15). 31 5 U.S.C. §5303(f), 5 U.S.C. §5304(g)(1), and 5 U.S.C. §5307(a)(1). See CRS Report RL33732, Federal White- Collar Pay: FY2008 Salary Adjustments, by Barbara L. Schwemle, for an analysis of the pay adjustment process for General Schedule positions. 32 For an analysis of the pay cap, see CRS Report RL34380, The Executive Schedule IV Pay Cap on General Schedule Compensation, by Curtis W. Copeland. 33 Salary tables for GS-15 employees in all 32 locality pay areas are available on the Internet at http://www.opm.gov. 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Schwemle Analyst in American National Government bschwemle@crs.loc.gov, 7-8655 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL33245