For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL33226 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Order Code RL33226 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Legislation for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data Updated October 31, 2008 Justin Murray Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Bruce R. Lindsay Analyst in Emergency Management Policy Government and Finance Division Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Legislation for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data Summary This report provides summary information on emergency supplemental appropriations enacted after major disasters since 19891. During the 20-year span from FY1989 through the present, Congress appropriated almost $271 billion in constant 2008 dollars. Most of the appropriations were preceded by a presidential request for supplemental funding. In 2008 a number of major natural disasters took place including Hurricanes Ike and Gustav, the California wildfires, and the Midwest floods. To date however, the most costly disasters occurred in the summer of 2005 when Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma made landfall in Gulf Coast states. Since Hurricane Katrina struck in August of 2005, more than $151 billion has been appropriated for supplemental disaster funding, most of it needed for the recovery from the 2005 hurricanes. Portions of the appropriations were offset by rescinding more than $34 billion in previously appropriated funds, explained in the section titled "Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma." Prior to FY2005 and the hurricanes, only the terrorist attacks of 2001 led to supplemental appropriations legislation that exceeded $20 billion. Congress appropriated a total of more than $26 billion for disaster assistance in response to the attacks. Other supplemental appropriations legislation enacted after catastrophic disasters (or several significant disasters that occurred in short time intervals) range from almost $366 million in FY2001 before the terrorist attacks (largely due to the Nisqually earthquake in the summer of 2001) to more than $12 billion for the Midwest floods of 1993 and the Northridge earthquake of 1994. At times, the supplementals enacted by Congress have included only disaster funding. The supplementals enacted after Hurricane Hugo and the Loma Prieta earthquake, in addition to the first two enacted after Hurricane Katrina, serve as examples. On other occasions, however, disaster funding has been part of larger pieces of legislation that appropriated funds for purposes other than disaster assistance. The most recent supplemental disaster assistance appropriation occurred on September 30, 2008 when the President signed into law H.R. 2638, the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009. The statute, P.L.110-329, provides $21.3 billion in emergency supplemental appropriations for relief and recovery from hurricanes, floods, and other natural disasters. This report will be updated as events warrant. 1 This report is an update based upon a previous report co-authored by Keith Bea, Specialist in American National Government and Justin Murray, Information Research Specialist. Contents Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Selected CRS Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 List of Tables Table 1. Presidential Requests and Appropriations, Emergency Appropriations for Disaster Assistance, FY1989 to Present . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Table 2. FY2005-Present Supplemental Disaster Appropriations After Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Table 3. Rescissions and Offsets, P.L. 109-148 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Legislation for Disaster Assistance: Summary Data Overview Since FY1989, Congress has appropriated just under $271 billion (constant 2008 dollars) for disaster assistance in 34 appropriations measures, primarily supplemental appropriations acts, after significant catastrophes occurred in the United States.2 The median annual funding during the 20-year period FY1989 through the present was $2.7 billion; the mean annual funding was $12 billion ($241 billion/20) -- both in current dollars. The mean funding in current dollars for all 34 enacted emergency supplemental bills was $7 billion ($241 billion/34). 3 The median annual funding in constant dollars during the 20 year period FY1989 through the present was $3.8 billion; the mean annual funding in constant dollars was $13.6 billion. The mean funding in constant dollars for all 34 enacted emergency supplemental bills was $8 billion ($271 billion/34).4 Disasters during 2001 and 2005 were especially costly. In FY2001 and FY2002, supplemental appropriations for disaster assistance exceeded $26 billion, most of which went toward recovery following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. In FY2005 and FY2006, after Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma struck in 2005, supplemental appropriations for disaster assistance have reached an all-time high. From FY2005 through FY2008, Congress appropriated over $130 billion, almost 60% of the total appropriated since FY1989. Since the start of the 110th Congress, the President has signed into law four measures (P.L. 110-28, P.L. 110-116, P.L. 110-252, and P.L. 110-329). These four statutes together provided roughly $41 billion in supplemental appropriations for 2 This amount does not include disaster assistance funding made available through regular annual appropriations legislation (with one exception in FY2000 after Hurricane Floyd) or funding enacted for agricultural disasters. For information on emergency agricultural funding, see CRS Report RL31095, Emergency Funding for Agriculture: A Brief History of Supplemental Appropriations, FY1989-FY2008, by Ralph Chite. 3 Mean annual funding reflects the total funding for the period divided by 20, representing each of the 20 fiscal years in FY1989-FY2008. The mean funding for the set of all of the enacted bills reflects the total funding for the period divided by the total number of 34 enacted measures. 4 Mean annual funding reflects the total funding for the period divided by 20, representing each of the 20 fiscal years in FY1989-FY2008. The mean funding for the set of all of the enacted bills reflects the total funding for the period divided by the total number of 34 enacted measures. CRS-2 disaster relief and recovery. P.L. 110-28, signed on May 25, 2007, included an appropriation of $7.6 billion for disaster assistance, $3.4 billion of which was classified as "Hurricane Katrina Recovery."5 P.L. 110-116, signed into law on November 13, 2007, provided a total of $6.355 billion for continued recovery efforts related to Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma, and for other declared major disasters or emergencies. This total includes $500 million for firefighting expenses related to 2007 California wildfires. P.L. 110-252, signed into law June 30, 2008, provided $7 billion in disaster assistance, most of which was directed at continuing recovering needs resulting from the 2005 hurricane season. P.L. 110-329, signed into law on September 30, 2008, included an appropriation for emergency and disaster relief of $21.4 billion. Of this amount, roughly $2 billion is continued disaster relief for the 2005 hurricane season. The majority of the funding (just over $8.8 billion) in the law is for disasters occurring in 2008 which included Hurricanes Gustav and Ike, wildfires, and flooding. One of the largest components funding in P.L. 110-329 is for the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) Community Development Fund, which received $6.5 billion specifically for disaster relief, long-term recovery, and economic revitalization in areas affected by disasters that occurred in 2008. Other funding in the law includes $135 million for wildfire suppression, and a $100 million direct appropriation for the American Red Cross for reimbursement of disaster relief and recovery expenditures associated with emergencies and disasters that have also taken place in 2008.6 This report provides summary information on emergency supplemental appropriations legislation enacted since 1989 after significant catastrophes. It includes funds appropriated to the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), as well as funds appropriated to other departments and agencies.7 This report uses a broad concept of what constitutes emergency disaster assistance. The funds cited in this report include appropriations for disaster relief, repair of federal facilities, and hazard mitigation activities directed at reducing the impact of future disasters. DRF appropriations are obligated for all 5 Congress appropriated the $3.4 billion to the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) administered by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). While the appropriation is classified as "Title II - Hurricane Katrina Recovery," (121 Stat. 131), DRF money may be used for any major disaster or emergency declared by the President. For more information on the DRF and FEMA authority see CRS Report RL33053, Federal Stafford Act Disaster Assistance: Presidential Declarations, Eligible Activities, and Funding, by Keith Bea. 6 Congress did not meet the full request of the American Red Cross which requested $150 million for reimbursement of disaster relief and recovery expenditures as a result of disasters occurring in 2008. This is not the first time Congress appropriated funds for the organization. In 2004 Congress gave $70 million in aid to the American Red Cross after four hurricanes hit Florida. 7 Disaster relief funding allocated in P.L. 107-117 is not included in Table 1 because it was an allocation of funding appropriated in P.L. 107-38. The majority of federal emergency assistance funding listed in this report was provided through the Disaster Relief Fund. More information on the emergency funding provided to the DRF appears in CRS Report RL33053, Federal Stafford Act Disaster Assistance: Presidential Declarations, Eligible Activities, and Funding, by Keith Bea. CRS-3 major disasters and emergencies issued under the Stafford Act,8 not only those significant events that lead to supplemental appropriations. Counterterrorism, law enforcement, and national security appropriations are not included in this compilation. Unless otherwise noted, this report does not take into account rescissions approved by Congress after funds have been appropriated for disaster assistance. As reflected in Table 1 below, supplemental appropriations have been enacted as stand-alone legislation. However, in some instances, emergency disaster relief funding has been enacted as part of regular appropriations measures, continuing appropriations acts (continuing resolutions), or in omnibus appropriations legislation. Requested funding levels noted in the third column of Table 1 reflect House Appropriations Committee data on total requested funding for the entire enacted bill. Where possible, Office of Management and Budget (OMB) data taken from correspondence to Congress requesting emergency supplemental funding are used to identify dates of Administration requests for supplemental funding.9 8 The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq. 9 The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Website on Supplementals, Amendments, and Releases [http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/amendments.htm] contains a list of the presidential submission transmittals from FY2008 and FY2009(calendar year 2008). Prior fiscal year submissions back to FY2003 are available by clicking on the highlighted text at the bottom of the page, see "click here to view prior year supplementals, amendments and releases." CRS-4 Table 1. Presidential Requests and Appropriations, Emergency Appropriations for Disaster Assistance, FY1989 to Present (dollars in thousands) Total Emergency Assistance Emergency Administration Date Signed into Disaster Event and Date of Appropriation Funding and Percentage Assistance Fiscal Year Request, by Date Law and P.L. Major Disaster Declarationa (current year of Appropriation (funding in 2008 and Amountb Number dollars) (current year dollars) dollars) c 2008 Hurricane Katrina, Midwest September 30, 2008 $1,089,608,000 $21,289,800 $21,289,800 Flooding and the 2008 hurricanes P.L. 110-329 1.95% d 2008 Hurricane Katrina and other June 30, 2008 $183,774,224 $7,004,928 $7,004,928 hurricanes in the 2005 season P.L.110-252 3.8% e 2008 Hurricane Katrina & California November 13, 2007 $467,728,563f,g $6,355,000 $6,355,000 Wildfires 2007 P.L. 110-116 1.4% 2007 Hurricane Katrina Feb. 5, 2007 May 25, 2007 $120,000,000 $7,679,000 $7,827,377 Aug. 29, 2005 $3,400,000 P.L. 110-28 6.4% 2006 Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Wilma Feb. 16, 2006 June 15, 2006 $94,520,000 $19,340,000 $20,241,969 Aug. - Sept. 2005 $19,800,000 P.L. 109-234 20.4% 2006 Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, Wilma Oct. 28, 2005 Dec. 30, 2005 $453,500,000 $29,046,985 $30,401,663 Aug. - Sept. 2005 $17,100,000h P.L. 109-148 6.4% 2005 Hurricane Katrina Sept. 7, 2005 Sept. 8, 2005 $51,800,000 $51,800,000 $56,010,186 Aug. 29, 2005 $51,800,000 P.L. 109-62 100% 2005 Hurricane Katrina Sept. 1, 2005 Sept. 2, 2005 $10,500,000 $10,500,000 $11,353,416 Aug. 29, 2005 $10,500,000 P.L. 109-61 100% CRS-5 Total Emergency Assistance Emergency Administration Date Signed into Disaster Event and Date of Appropriation Funding and Percentage Assistance Fiscal Year Request, by Date Law and P.L. Major Disaster Declarationa (current year of Appropriation (funding in 2008 and Amountb Number dollars) (current year dollars) dollars) 2005 Hurricanes Ivan, Jeanne Sept. 14, 2004 Oct. 13, 2004 $14,500,000 $11,103,887 $12,006,386 Sept. 1, 2004 $3,100,000 P.L. 108-324 76.6% 2004 Hurricanes Charley, Frances Sept. 6, 2004 Sept. 8, 2004 $2,000,000 $2,000,000 $2,231,868 Sept. 1, 2004 $2,000,000 P.L. 108-303 100% 2004 Wildfires i Aug. 8, 2004 $417,500,000 $500,000 $557,967 various dates P.L. 108-287 0.12% 2004 Hurricane Isabel $87,000,000 Nov. 6, 2003 $87,500,000 $813,000 $907,254 Sept. 18, 2003 Sept. 17, 2003 j P.L. 108-106 0.93% 2003 Storms July 7, 2003 Sept. 30, 2003 $3,500,000 $820,700 $939,683 various 2003 dates (continued from P.L. 108-83 23.4% $1,900,000 request below) 2003 Tornadoes July 7, 2003 Aug. 8, 2003 $983,600 $983,600 $1,126,200 May 6, 2003 $1,900,000 P.L. 108-69 100% 2002 Terrorist attacks Mar. 21, 2002 Aug. 2, 2002 $26,600,000 $6,167,600 $7,204,599 Sept. 11, 2001 $27,100,000 P.L. 107-206 23.2% 2001 Terrorist attacks Sept. 12, 2001 Sept. 18, 2001 $40,000,000i $20,000,000 $23,810,082 Sept. 11, 2001 $20,000,000k P.L. 107-38 50% l 2001 Nisqually Earthquake July 24, 2001 $8,980,000 $365,700 $435,367 P.L. 107-20 4.9% CRS-6 Total Emergency Assistance Emergency Administration Date Signed into Disaster Event and Date of Appropriation Funding and Percentage Assistance Fiscal Year Request, by Date Law and P.L. Major Disaster Declarationa (current year of Appropriation (funding in 2008 and Amountb Number dollars) (current year dollars) dollars) 2000 Hurricane Floyd Sept. 21, 1999 Oct. 20, 1999 $99,500,000 $2,480,425 $3,022,646 Sept. 16, 1999 $97,500m P.L. 106-74 2.5% n 1999 Tornadoes May 21, 1999 $13,100,000 $1,296,723 $1,612,106 various dates P.L. 106-31 9.9% 1999 Hurricanes Georges, Bonnie $7,780,000o Oct. 21, 1998 $21,000,000 $1,830,977 $2,276,299 flooding P.L. 105-277 8.7% various dates 1998 El Niņo floods Mar. 24, 1998 May 1, 1998 $6,006,000 $2,602,173 $3,277,528 Feb. 9, 1998 $22,560,000 P.L. 105-174 43.3% 1997 Dakotas flooding Mar. 19, 1997 June 12, 1997 $9,163,000 $5,863,883 $7,475,393 Apr. 7, 1997 $3,480,000 P.L. 105-18 64% p 1995 Oklahoma City bombing July 27, 1995 $7,453,000 $6,599,531 $8,724,440 Apr. 25, 1995 P.L. 104-19 88.6% 1995 Northridge Earthquake, $90,100,000 Sept. 28, 1994 $90,100,000 $417,500q $551,926 Tropical Storm Alberto P.L. 103-327 0.46% various dates 1994 Midwest floods, CA fires, and Sept. 28, 1994 Feb. 12, 1994 $11,535,000 $8,837,952 $11,929,473 Northridge earthquake $11,430,000 P.L. 103-211 76.6% Jan. 17, 1994 CRS-7 Total Emergency Assistance Emergency Administration Date Signed into Disaster Event and Date of Appropriation Funding and Percentage Assistance Fiscal Year Request, by Date Law and P.L. Major Disaster Declarationa (current year of Appropriation (funding in 2008 and Amountb Number dollars) (current year dollars) dollars) 1993 Midwest floods July 14, 1993 Aug. 12, 1993 $4,411,000 $3,494,750 $4,818,627 June 11, 1993 $3,980,000 P.L. 103-75 79.2% r 1993 Hurricanes Andrew, Iniki July 2, 1993 $3,500,000 $52,345 $72,174 various dates P.L. 103-50 1.5% 1992 Hurricanes Andrew, Iniki Sept. 8, 1992 Sept. 23, 1992 $12,775,000 $5,767,116 $8,132,154 Aug. 24, 1992 $6,530,000 P.L. 102-368 45.1% s 1992 L.A. riots/Chicago flood June 22, 1992 $1,191,000 $ 469,650 $662,249 various dates P.L. 102-302 39.4% 1992 Hurricane Bob June 28, 1991 Dec. 12, 1991 $6,849,000 $943,000 $1,329,715 various dates $693,000 P.L.102-229 13.8% t 1990 Hurricane Hugo/Exxon Valdez May 25, 1990 $4,300,000 $670,412 $1,005,494 various dates P.L. 101-302 15.6% u 1990 Hurricane Hugo Oct. 26, 1989 $ 2,850,000 $2,850,000 $4,274,474 Loma Prieta Earthquake P.L. 101-130 100% Oct. 18, 1989 v 1989 Hurricane Hugo Sept. 29, 1989 $1,108,000 $1,108,000 $1,723,524 Sept. 20, 1989 P.L. 101-100 100% 1989 Fires on federal lands w June 30, 1989 $3,564,000 $348,969 $542,831 various dates P.L. 101-45 9.8% CRS-8 Total Emergency Assistance Emergency Administration Date Signed into Disaster Event and Date of Appropriation Funding and Percentage Assistance Fiscal Year Request, by Date Law and P.L. Major Disaster Declarationa (current year of Appropriation (funding in 2008 and Amountb Number dollars) (current year dollars) dollars) Total $3,409,904,314 $335,903,606 $271,134,797 9.85% Sources: Supplemental funding totals based on compiled CRS data on emergency appropriations after disasters, FY1989 - FY2008. Other supplemental funding totals obtained from Congressional Budget Office (CBO) Supplemental Appropriations series, including "CBO Data on Supplemental Budget Authority for the 2000s" at [http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=6630&type=1]. Totals for Administration requests were obtained from OMB correspondence to Congress and from the House Appropriations Committee Budget Estimates volumes, Table VIIIa. Editions for recent Congresses through the 107th are on the Government Printing Office GPO Access Congressional Documents site at [http://www.gpoaccess.gov/serialset/cdocuments/budgets.html]. FY2008 dollar conversions were calculated using GDP Chained Price Index data in Table 10.1, FY2009 budget Historical Tables volume. a. Data in this column represent the date the President issued a major disaster declaration for the disaster that appeared to be the primary catalyst for the supplemental appropriations legislation. In a series of disasters (such as the Midwest floods of 1993) this date represents the first of several declarations associated with that particular disaster. In some instances, identifying which disasters were primarily associated with consideration of the supplemental appropriations was not possible. b. Data in this column represent the date the President submitted a request to Congress for supplemental funds. In some instances, funding was not requested by the White House but was included by Congress in appropriations measures. c. P.L. 110-329 was originally the FY2008 Homeland Security Appropriations and was used as the vehicle for the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009. d. In his February 2008 budget submission for FY2009, President Bush requested total non-emergency discretionary budget authority for the fiscal year of $987.6 billion. e. The Administration did not request supplemental FY2008 funds for domestic disaster assistance in the budget amendments or supplemental requests submitted from May 2, 2008 through the date of enactment. The June 9, 2008 amendment to the FY2009 budget request did include increased funding of $989,000 for the Office of the Federal Coordinator for Gulf Coast Rebuilding for continued operations. As of the date of this report Congress has not acted upon this request. See [http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/amendments/amendment2_6_9_08.pdf]. f. Supplemental funding was added to the Conference Report of the FY2008 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, P.L. 110-116121 Stat. 1342-1343, in Division B of the report. Disaster funding included FEMA Disaster Relief Funding, further Housing and Urban Development assistance funding, and wildland fire fighting provisions. g. On page 487 of the conference report, H.Rept. 110-443 for P.L. 110-116, total Department of Defense budget authority is listed at $4.6 billion. Also per the conference agreement, Division B provided non-Defense budget authority of $7.7 billion bringing the total budget authority for the measure for the purposes of this table to $4.7 billion. Division B contains additional disaster and non- disaster funding as follows: a total $6.355 billion for FEMA Disaster Relief funding, Housing and Urban Development funding for the Road Home project, Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management funding for Wildland Fire Management, $165,200 for the traditional payment to the heirs of the late Jo Ann Davis, and $1,025,398,000 for the Census Bureau's Periodic Censuses and Programs account. h. On October 28, 2005, the President submitted to Congress a request to "reallocate" $17.1 billion previously appropriated for FEMA. See [http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/ amendments/rescission_package_10_28_05.pdf]. Congress modified this request by redirecting roughly $12 billion to the request in provisions in P.L. 109-148, the FY2006 Department of CRS-9 Defense Appropriations Act. Because Congress appropriated the rescinded funds, the funding is considered supplemental appropriations for the purpose of this report, even though some might contend that this does not represent an additional cost to the Treasury. The President also submitted that same day a budget amendment that sought the rescission of "$2.3 billion from lower-priority federal programs and excess funds." See Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, "Estimate No. 14," at [http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/amendments/rescission_package_10_28_05.pdf]. i. FY2004 supplemental funds to meet wildfire suppression requirements were included in the FY2005 Department of Defense Appropriations Act, P.L. 108-287. For more information on the statute, see CRS Report RL32783, FY2005 Supplemental Appropriations for Iraq and Afghanistan, Tsunami Relief, and Other Activities, by Amy Belasco and Larry Nowels. j. The President submitted a supplemental request of $87 billion for ongoing military operations and for reconstruction assistance in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere. During conference on H.R. 3289 (P.L. 108-106, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense and for the Reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan Act, 2004), $500 million for FEMA for disaster relief for Hurricane Isabel and the California wildfires was added to the legislation, bringing the total enacted funding for P.L. 108-106 to $87.5 billion. k. P.L. 107-117 allocated funds appropriated in P.L. 107-38, which was enacted shortly after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Under P.L. 107-38, $20 billion was available immediately, whereas the remaining $20 billion became available when allocated in P.L. 107-117, enacted on January 10, 2002. Of the second half of the $40 billion, $11.579 billion was provided for emergency disaster assistance. l. An OMB supplemental request for the Nisqually earthquake could not be identified. m. The appropriations associated with Hurricane Floyd were not supplemental appropriations but were incorporated into the regular FY2000 appropriations legislation, P.L. 106-74, Department of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2000. These data are included because Congress increased FY2000 DRF funding primarily in response to Hurricane Floyd. n. The initial Administration request of $687 million was submitted on February 16, 1999 (see discussion in H.Rept. 106-064, p. 7) for relief funding for Hurricanes Georges and Bonnie. However, additional emergency disaster funding was later sought to address tornado damage and other natural disasters during 1999. o. Emergency relief funding for flooding caused by Hurricanes Georges and Bonnie was included in P.L. 105-277, the FY2000 Consolidated Appropriations Act. p. P.L. 103-211 provided $11.53 billion in DRF appropriations largely in response to the Northridge earthquake in California. See White House press release from FEMA Director James Lee Witt, Jan. 12, 1995, at [http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/archives/whitehouse-papers/1995/Jan/1995-01-12-fema-director-witt-on-california-flood-relief.text], visited, Feb. 27, 2007. Administration supplemental request correspondence to Congress for subsequent funding for Northridge and Oklahoma City could not be identified. An OMB supplemental request or requested Administration funding level for Tropical Storm Alberto could not be identified. Tropical Storm Alberto disaster funding was included in P.L. 103- 327, the FY1995 Department of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act. q. The CBO scored supplemental funding as $357.0 million. r. An OMB supplemental request for Hurricanes Andrew and Iniki could not be identified. s. An OMB supplemental request for the Los Angeles riots and Chicago flood could not be identified. t. An OMB supplemental request for Hurricane Hugo and the Exxon Valdez incident could not be identified. u. No OMB request for this funding could be identified. Disaster funding in P.L. 101-130 was enacted as a continuing resolution, which amended the previous continuing resolution enacted as P.L. 101- 100 to extend its provision until November 15, 1989. v. No request could be identified. w. An OMB supplemental request for the 1989 fires on federal lands or the requested Administration funding level could not be identified. CRS-10 Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma In response to the widespread destruction caused by three catastrophic hurricanes at the end of the summer of 2005, the 109th Congress enacted four emergency supplemental appropriations bills. Two of the statutes were enacted as FY2005 supplementals after Hurricane Katrina devastated parts of Florida and Alabama and resulted in presidential major disaster declarations for all jurisdictions in Louisiana and Mississippi. The two supplementals (P.L. 109-61 and P.L. 109-62) together provided $62.3 billion for emergency response and recovery needs; most of the funding in these two bills was provided for the Disaster Relief Fund (DRF) administered by FEMA. After Hurricanes Rita and Wilma struck, the 109th Congress enacted two other supplementals; the costs of both were offset by rescissions. The FY2006 appropriations legislation for the Department of Defense (P.L. 109-148) rescinded roughly $34 billion in funds previously appropriated (almost 70% of which was taken from funds previously appropriated to the Department of Homeland Security) and appropriated $29 billion to other accounts primarily to pay for the restoration of federal facilities damaged by the hurricanes.10 Also in FY2006, Congress agreed to an Administration request for further funding -- $19.3 billion was appropriated in supplemental legislation (P.L. 109-234) for recovery assistance, with roughly $64 million rescinded from two accounts ($15 million from flood control, Corps of Engineers, and $49.5 million from Navy Reserve construction, Department of Defense). On May 25, 2007, the President signed into law P.L. 110-28, which appropriated $120 billion in emergency supplemental funding for Iraq, Afghanistan, and other matters, including $6.9 billion for continued Gulf Coast relief. The measure was a successor to previous emergency supplemental legislation in the 110th Congress, H.R. 1591, vetoed by the President on May 1, 2007. This was the fifth supplemental measure enacted containing disaster assistance specifically provided in response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. The sixth supplemental measure enacted as part of P.L. 110-116 on November 13, 2007, provided an additional $5.9 billion for emergency assistance, most, but not all of which, can be attributed to the Gulf Coast recovery. The $3 billion appropriated for Department of Housing and Urban Development -- Community Planning and Development Fund can only be used for the Louisiana Road Home program. However, the $2.9 billion appropriated for the Disaster Relief Fund can be used not only for the Gulf Coast but for other declared disasters as well. As a result, after enactment of P.L. 110-252, the total amount appropriated by Congress in supplemental funding after the 2005 hurricanes surpassed the $130 billion mark.11 Table 2 provides information on the appropriations made in the six 10 In requests to Congress, President Bush termed the sequence of events as a "reallocation" of funds. 11 Table 1 figures in this report indicate appropriations for all disaster relief, not just hurricane related assistance, which is approximately $7.7 billion in P.L. 110-28 and $6.355 billion in P.L. 110-116. P.L. 110-252, signed into law June 30, 2008, to the extent that can (continued...) CRS-11 supplementals enacted after Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. Table 3 identifies the departments and agencies from which funds were rescinded in P.L. 109-148. In addition to these rescissions and appropriations, Congress enacted other funding changes by transferring $712 million from FEMA to the Small Business Administration for disaster loans (P.L. 109-174). On June 30, 2008, the 110th Congress enacted the Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2008 (P.L.110-252). Some of the funding from P.L.110-252 includes $100 million for the Economic Development Administration's economic development assistance programs, $73 million for the Department of Housing and Urban Development's (HUD) Road Home Program and $300 million for HUD's Community Development fund. The majority of disaster assistance funding (over $4 billion) in P.L.110-252 is directed at the Corps of Engineers for projects aimed at repairing damages incurred from the 2005 hurricane season, as well as programs designed to mitigate against future hurricanes. Another supplemental, the Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009 was passed three months later on September 30, 2008 (P.L. 110-329). P.L. 110-329 includes ongoing disaster relief for destruction resulting from the 2005 hurricane season, including $85 million for the Disaster Housing Assistance program administered by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). The program enables families to settle in areas across the United States that were not affected by hurricane Katrina, Rita, or Wilma. The amount provided in the statute for disaster relief as a result of the 2005 hurricane season is roughly $1.3 billion.12 11 (...continued) be identified as such, provides $7 billion in disaster assistance, most of which is directed at meeting the needs caused by hurricanes of the 2005 season. Table 2 figures in this report indicate appropriations, for Gulf Coast relief in response to Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma. 12 Some of the funding in P.L.110-329 is directed at both the 2005 hurricanes and hurricanes, flooding, and other disasters occurring in 2008. An exact amount for each of these events could not be extrapolated from the legislative text. CRS-12 Table 2. FY2005-Present Supplemental Disaster Appropriations After Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Wilma (thousands of current dollars) FY2005 FY2006 FY2007 FY2008 Department P.L. 109-61 P.L. 109-62 P.L. 109-148 P.L. 109-234 P.L. 110 -28 P.L. 110-116 P.L. 110-252 P.L.110-329 Agriculture $1,183,000 $152,000a $38,000 Commerce $55,000 $150,000 $110,000 Defense-Military $500,000 $1,400,000 $5,754,000 $1,488,000b Defense-Civil/Corps of Engineers $400,000 $2,900,000 $3,686,000c $1,433,000 $6,366,988 $1,621,200 Department of Commerce $100,000 Education and related agencies $1,600,000 $285,000 $60,000 Health and Human Services $640,000 $12,000 $600,000d Homeland Security $10,000,000 $50,000,000 $285,000 $6,662,000 $4,110,000 $2,900,000 $20,000 Housing and Urban Development $11,890,000 $5,200,000 $7,000 $3,000,000 $373,000 $150,000 e Interior $70,000 $256,000 $10,000 Justice $229,000 $9,000 $50,000 Labor $125,000 $16,000 Transportation $2,798,000 $702,000f $906,020 Veterans Affairs $658,000 $586,000 $14,500 Agencies Armed Forces Retirement Home $176,000 Corp. for National and Community $10,000 Service Environmental Protection Agency $8,000 $13,000 General Services Administration $38,000 $37,000 Historically Black Colleges Capital $15,000 Financing National Aeronautics and Space Admin. $350,000 $35,000 $20,000 The Judiciary $18,000 Small Business Administration $446,000 $542,000 $181,070 $164,939 Total $10,500,000 $51,800,000 $29,047,000 $19,300,000 $6,901,590 $5,900,000 $7,004,927 $2,429,200 Grand Total $132,882,717 Source: CRS calculations from amounts presented in P.L. 109-61, P.L. 109-62, P.L. 109-148, P.L. 109-234, P.L. 110-28, P.L. 110-116. a. Does not include authority for $500 million in direct assistance to be drawn from the Commodity Credit Corporation, authorized in Title III of P.L. 109-234. b. Includes rescissions and military construction accounts. c. Includes rescissions. d. This funding amount is divided between the 2005 hurricane season, and hurricanes, floods, and other disasters which occurred in 2008. CRS-13 e. In Division B of P.L. 110-116, 121 Stat. 1342-1343, section 157 provides $329 million for Forest Service Wildland Fire Management and $171 million for Bureau of Land Management Wildland Fire Management. This funding is not included in Table 2 above since the funding was for wildland firefighting activities and not related to Gulf Coast hurricane relief and recovery. f. Department of Transportation funds derived from Highway Trust Fund rescission. CRS-14 Table 3. Rescissions and Offsets, P.L. 109-148 (thousands of dollars) Department or Agency Amount Rescinded or Offset Department of Agriculture $66,100 Department of Defense $80,000 Export-Import Bank $25,000 Department of Homeland Security $23,669,833 Department of the Interior $3,500 Department of Commerce $7,000 Department of State $30,000 Department of Transportation $1,143,000 Government-widea $9,045,998 Total $34,070,431 Source: CRS calculation of rescissions and offsets presented in Division B, Title III, conference report H.Rept. 109-359 to accompany H.R. 2863. a. Data for the 1% rescission obtained from Letter from Joshua Bolten, Director, Office of Management and Budget, to Senator Thad Cochran, Chairman, Senate Appropriations Committee, Feb. 8, 2006, at [http://www.cq.com/flatfiles/editorialFiles/budgetTracker/ reference/docs/20060213omboneperc.pdf]. CRS-15 Selected CRS Reports CRS Report RL33330. Community Development Block Grant Funds in Disaster Relief and Recovery, by Eugene Boyd. CRS Report RL34711, Consolidated Appropriations Act for FY2009 (P.L. 110-329): An Overview, by Bob Keith. CRS Report RL33999. Defense: FY2008 Authorization and Appropriations, by Pat Towell, Stephen Daggett, and Amy Belasco. CRS Report RL33053. Federal Stafford Act Disaster Assistance: Presidential Declarations, Eligible Activities, and Funding, by Keith Bea. CRS Report RL33900. FY2007 Supplemental Appropriations for Defense, Foreign Affairs, and Other Purposes, by Stephen Daggett, Amy Belasco, Pat Towell, Susan Epstein, Connie Veillette, Curt Tarnoff, and Rhoda Margesson. CRS Report RL34451. FY2008 Spring Supplemental Appropriations and FY2009 Bridge Appropriations for Military Operations, International Affairs, and Other Purposes (P.L. 110-252), by Stephen Daggett, Susan B. Epstein, Rhoda Margesson, Curt Tarnoff, Pat Towell, and Catherine Dale. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL33226