Number: RL33133
Title: Active Military Sonar and Marine Mammals: Events and References
Authors: Kori Calvert, Knowledge Services Group; Eugene H. Buck, Resources, Science, and Industry Division 
Abstract: This report summarizes legal and political events related to active sonar and marine mammals since 1994. Prior to the late 1990s, concerns focused primarily on the use of underwater sound as a research tool. While strandings and mortality of marine mammals, primarily beaked whales, have been observed in concurrence with mid-frequency sonar operation, additional controversy has focused on the development of low-frequency active (LFA) sonar. Environmental interests are concerned with LFA sonar because low-frequency sound travels farther than midfrequency sound and is closer in frequency to those known to be used by baleen whales.
Pages: 18
Date: February 11, 2008