For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL32570 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Order Code RL32570 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 2004 Update September 9, 2004 James E. McCarthy Specialist in Environmental Policy Resources, Science, and Industry Division Congressional Research Service ~ The Library of Congress Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 2004 Update Summary This report, which replaces CRS Report RL31651, provides updated information on interstate shipment of municipal solid waste (MSW). Since the late 1980s, Congress has considered, but not enacted, numerous bills that would allow states to impose restrictions on interstate waste shipments, a step the Constitution prohibits in the absence of congressional authorization. Over this period, there has been a continuing interest in knowing how much waste is being shipped across state lines for disposal, and what states might be affected by proposed legislation. This report provides data useful in addressing these questions. Total interstate waste shipments continue to rise due to the closure of older local landfills and the consolidation of the waste management industry. Slightly more than 39 million tons of municipal solid waste crossed state lines for disposal in 2003, an increase of 11% over 2001. Waste imports have grown significantly since CRS began tracking them in the early 1990s, and now represent 24.2% of the municipal solid waste disposed at landfills and waste combustion facilities. In the last 10 years, reported imports have increased 170%. Pennsylvania remains, by far, the largest waste importer. The state received more than 9.1 million tons of MSW and 1.4 million tons of other non-hazardous waste from out of state in 2003. Most of this waste came from New York and New Jersey. Pennsylvania's waste imports represented 23% of the national total. Virginia, the second-largest importer, received 5.5 million tons in 2003, 40% less than the amount received by Pennsylvania. Michigan, the third-largest importer, received 4.5 million tons of MSW from out of state. Imports to both Virginia and Michigan increased substantially in the last year -- up about 1 million tons in each case. Nearly two-thirds of Michigan's total imports (about 2.8 million tons) came from the Canadian province of Ontario. These imports grew as the Toronto area closed its last remaining landfill. Other states showing major increases were Ohio, Illinois, New Jersey, Georgia, South Carolina, Tennessee, Oklahoma, and Texas. In all, 28 states had increased imports in the current report, and 10 states reported imports that exceeded 1 million tons. While waste imports increased overall, several states (including Pennsylvania, Indiana, Iowa, and New York) reported sharp declines in imports in the current survey. Pennsylvania's imports fell for the second year in a row: about 1.5 million fewer tons of imports were received at Pennsylvania landfills in 2003 than in 2001. Factors causing this decline included the imposition of an additional $5.00 per ton state fee on waste disposal and the absence of rail service at Pennsylvania landfills. New York remains the largest exporter of waste, with New Jersey in second place. These two states account for 37% of all municipal solid waste crossing state lines for disposal. Six other states (Missouri, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Washington), the District of Columbia, and the Canadian province of Ontario also exported more than 1 million tons each. Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Total Shipments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Waste Import Highlights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Major Exporters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Net Imports and Exports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Additional Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 List of Figures Figure 1. Imports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year, in Tons . . . . . 3 Figure 2. Exports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year, in Tons . . . . . 3 List of Tables Table 1. Imports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Table 2. Exports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Table 3. Net Imports/Exports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year . . 6 Table 4. Amount and Destination of Exported MSW, and Amount and Sources of Imported MSW, by State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 2004 Update Introduction1 This report provides updated information on interstate shipment of municipal solid waste. Concerned about increased waste imports, some states have attempted to regulate this commerce; federal courts, however, have declared these state restrictions unconstitutional. If states are to have such authority, congressional action is required. Since the late 1980s, Congress has considered, but not enacted, numerous bills that would grant such authority.2 Over this period, there has been a continuing interest in knowing how much waste is being shipped across state lines for disposal, and what states might be affected by proposed legislation. This report provides data useful in addressing these questions. It updates information provided in earlier CRS reports.3 The report presents information gathered through telephone contacts with solid waste officials in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the Canadian province of Ontario. The data obtained from these contacts are summarized in Tables 1, 2, and 3, and Figures 1 and 2. Table 4 presents additional information, including the names and telephone numbers of state contacts, and in some cases weblinks to detailed reports on solid waste management in the specific state. 1 Linda Luther, Environmental Policy Analyst in the Resources, Science, and Industry Division of CRS, provided research assistance for this report. 2 Legislation on interstate shipment of waste has been introduced in every Congress since the 100th. In the 104th Congress, the Senate passed S. 534. The bill would have granted states authority to restrict new shipments of municipal solid waste from out of state, if requested by an affected local government. In the 103rd Congress, both the House and Senate passed interstate waste legislation (H.R. 4779 and S. 2345), but lack of agreement on common language prevented enactment. For a discussion of the issues addressed in these bills, see CRS Report RS20106, Interstate Waste Transport: Legislative Issues. 3 This report replaces CRS Report RL31651, Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 2002 Update. Earlier reports, now out of print but available directly from the author, were CRS Report RL31051, Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 2001 Update; CRS Report RL30409, Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 2000 Update; CRS Report 98-689, Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 1998 Update; CRS Report 97-349, Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 1997 Update; CRS Report 96-712, Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 1996 Update; CRS Report 95-570, Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste: 1995 Update; and CRS Report 93-743, Interstate Shipment of Municipal Solid Waste. CRS-2 Not all states require reporting of waste imports, and very few track exports, so the available data are incomplete, and in some cases represent estimates rather than actual measurements. In a number of cases, faced with conflicting reports from exporters and importers or no quantitative data at all, we provided our best estimate, based on discussions with state officials or other sources. Sixteen of the states provided data for a period other than calendar year 2003 -- either their latest fiscal year or a different calendar year. This adds another layer of imprecision: we combined data for whatever was the latest reporting period, even though in these 16 cases, this meant combining data from different time periods. The exceptions from the 2003 reporting period are noted in the appropriate tables, but the reader should perhaps keep in mind that many of the totals reported here are our best estimate rather than precise figures. Total Shipments The data show that total interstate waste shipments continue to rise:4 imports in the current survey totaled 39.0 million tons, 17% of the 229.2 million tons of municipal solid waste generated in the United States.5 Of municipal waste disposed (as opposed to recycled or composted), the percentage is even higher. EPA estimates that 68.0 million tons of municipal solid waste were recycled or composted in 2001, leaving 161.2 million tons to be disposed in landfills or incinerators. Of this amount, 24.2% crossed state lines for disposal.6 Between CRS's year 2002 report (reporting largely 2001 data) and the current survey (reporting generally 2003 data), imports increased 4.0 million tons, or 11%. Since 1993, reported imports have risen 170%, from 14.45 million tons in 1993 to 39.0 million tons in the current survey. 4 We rely on imports rather than exports as our measure of total shipments, because we believe that waste management facilities and states have a greater interest in accurately measuring imports than they do exports. Often the amounts received and their source are subject to formal legal reporting requirements and/or fees, with penalties for failure to report. Exports are not generally subject to such requirements. 5 Because many of the larger importing states now differentiate MSW from other non- hazardous waste imports, we compared total MSW imports to EPA's national estimate of MSW generation (229.2 million tons in the latest available year, 2001). For EPA data on waste generation, see "Municipal Solid Waste: Basic Facts" at [http://www.epa.gov/ epaoswer/non-hw/muncpl/facts.htm]. State-reported waste generation, summarized in BioCycle magazine's annual survey, is substantially higher (369.4 million tons in 2002) but may include other nonhazardous waste, provided it was disposed at MSW facilities. For state-reported data, see Scott M. Kaufman, Nora Goldstein, Karsten Millrath, and Nickolas J. Themelis, "The State of Garbage in America," BioCycle, January 2004, p. 33. Removing Canadian waste from the total imports would also reduce the percentage of waste crossing state lines for disposal, from 17% to 16%. 6 Much of the waste destined for recycling may also have crossed state lines, but waste destined for recycling does not carry the same stigma as that sent for disposal, and recycling facilities do not generally require permits by state agencies. Thus, amounts shipped across state lines for recycling cannot generally be tracked by the solid waste agencies. CRS-3 Figure 1. Imports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year, in Tons Source: Map Resources. Adapted by CRS. (K. Yancey 8/31/04) Amounts in Tons 1,000,000 or greater 500,000 to 999,999 100,000 to 499,999 0 to 99,999 Figure 2. Exports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year, in Tons Source: Map Resources. Adapted by CRS. (K. Yancey 8/31/04) CRS-4 Table 1. Imports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year (in tons) State Quantity Imported a Pennsylvania 9,155,638 b Virginia 5,489,170 c,d Michigan 4,503,218 Ohio 2,541,074 d Illinois 1,880,865 e New Jersey 1,671,065 Georgia 1,445,254 e Oregon 1,424,801 f South Carolina 1,227,240 Wisconsin 1,210,008 Indiana 917,678 e Kansas 697,874 e Kentucky 598,549 Mississippi 579,752 Tennessee 577,940 New Mexico 537,000 Nevada 422,456 c Alabama 415,425 e New Hampshire 401,852 g Arizona 379,900 Oklahoma 333,616 New York 311,417 West Virginia 276,439 f Iowa 276,302 Texas 251,100 Maine 220,000 Missouri 206,873 Maryland 202,768 Massachusetts 179,852 f North Carolina 133,145 e Washington 112,097 e North Dakota 101,196 f Nebraska 93,563 Vermont 61,463 Connecticut 51,521 e California 44,000 Montana 31,437 Idaho 18,668 Arkansas 15,361 Rhode Island 5,575 e South Dakota 658 Utah 500 Total 39,004,310 a c In addition, Pennsylvania received 1,407,834 tons 10/1/2002 - 9/30/2003. d of industrial waste, C&D, ash, asbestos, and sludge. Converted from cubic yards using 3.3 cu. yds. = 1 ton. b e f Virginia also imported 1.1 million tons of other 2002 data. 7/1/2002 - 6/30/2003. g waste, mostly C&D, sludge, and incinerator ash. 4/1/2003 - 3/31/2004. Source: CRS, based on data provided by state program officials. See text and Table 4 for qualifications/details. CRS-5 Table 2. Exports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year (in tons) State Quantity Exported New York 8,247,610 New Jersey 5,803,184 Ontario, Canada 2,922,473 Missouri 2,334,511 Illinois 2,097,407 Maryland 1,941,370 Massachusetts 1,239,364 District of Columbia 1,176,010 Ohio 1,102,341 a Washington 1,001,717 b North Carolina 971,286 Indiana 945,241 California 798,056 Florida 676,517 a Minnesota 611,044 Connecticut 634,155 Georgia 600,000 Pennsylvania 558,975 Texas 511,000 Tennessee 431,740 Kansas 371,371 West Virginia 364,719 Kentucky 328,993 Iowa 271,925 Louisiana 248,625 Virginia 240,633 Michigan 223,310 Wisconsin 213,989 South Carolina 184,797 a Vermont 126,159 Delaware 121,585 Rhode Island 117,301 Arkansas 114,192 Mississippi 113,013 Oklahoma 99,000 Alabama 94,664 New Hampshire 65,000 a Maine 49,868 Idaho 44,307 Alaska 24,868 a Oregon 18,668 b Nebraska 10,537 a North Dakota 10,000 Nevada 3,300 Utah 1,500 Wyoming 1,487 Total 38,067,812 a b 2002 data. July 2002 - June 2003. Source: CRS, based on data provided by state program officials. In many cases, the amount is based on data compiled by receiving states. See text and Table 4 entries for additional information and qualifications. CRS-6 Table 3. Net Imports/Exports of Municipal Solid Waste, 2003 or Latest Year (in tons) State Imports Exports Net Imports/Exports Pennsylvania 9,155,638 558,975 8,596,663 Virginia 5,489,170 240,633 5,248,537 Michigan 4,503,218 223,310 4,279,908 Ohio 2,541,074 1,102,341 1,438,733 Oregon 1,424,801 18,668 1,406,133 South Carolina 1,227,240 184,797 1,042,443 Wisconsin 1,210,008 213,989 996,019 Georgia 1,445,254 600,000 845,254 New Mexico 537,000 - 537,000 Mississippi 579,752 113,013 466,739 Nevada 422,456 3,300 419,156 Arizona 379,900 7,000 372,000 New Hampshire 401,852 65,000 336,852 Kansas 697,874 371,371 326,503 Alabama 415,425 94,664 320,761 Kentucky 598,549 328,993 269,556 Oklahoma 333,616 99,000 234,616 Tennessee 577,940 431,740 146,200 Maine 220,000 49,868 170,132 North Dakota 101,196 10,000 91,196 Nebraska 93,563 10,537 83,026 Iowa 276,302 271,925 4,377 Idaho 18,668 18,000 668 Utah 500 1,500 -1,000 Alaska -- 24,868 -24,868 Indiana 917,678 945,241 -27,563 Vermont 61,463 126,159 -64,696 West Virginia 276,439 364,719 -88,280 Arkansas 15,361 114,192 -98,831 Louisiana -- 107,075 -107,075 Rhode Island 5,575 117,301 -111,726 Delaware -- 121,585 -121,585 Illinois 1,880,865 2,097,407 -216,542 Texas 251,100 511,000 -259,900 Connecticut 51,521 634,155 -582,634 Minnesota -- 611,044 -611,044 Florida -- 676,517 -676,517 California 44,000 798,056 -754,056 North Carolina 133,145 971,286 -838,141 Washington 112,097 1,001,717 -889,620 Massachusetts 179,852 1,239,364 -1,059,512 District of Columbia -- 1,176,010 -1,176,010 Maryland 202,768 1,941,370 -1,738,602 Missouri 206,873 2,334,511 -2,127,638 New Jersey 1,671,065 5,803,184 -4,132,119 New York 311,417 8,247,610 -7,936,193 Source: CRS, based on telephone interviews. Data subject to qualifications: see text and Tables 1, 2, and 4. CRS-7 Waste Import Highlights Twenty-eight states had increased imports of municipal waste since 2001, with the largest increases occurring in Virginia and Michigan. The increases in these two states, 1.4 million tons in Virginia and 0.9 million tons in Michigan over the two-year period, total 57% of the entire increase nationally. The preponderance of these two states in the 2003 waste statistics demonstrates another element of the emerging picture of interstate waste shipment: 49% of total municipal waste imports are disposed in just three states: Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Michigan. As shown in Table 1, Pennsylvania continues to be the largest waste importer. Disposal facilities in the state received 9.1 million tons of MSW and 1.4 million tons of other nonhazardous waste from out of state in 2003. The amounts represented nearly half of all solid waste disposed in the state and 23.5% of the national total for interstate shipments. Pennsylvania has abundant landfill capacity, relatively low tipping fees, and is near two major states that have a shortage of disposal capacity: New York and New Jersey. Despite the state's continued predominance on the list of waste importers, Pennsylvania's imports declined in both 2002 and 2003 -- a cumulative decrease of more than 1.5 million tons of MSW imports. This happened simultaneously with continued growth of interstate waste shipment in and through the Middle Atlantic states. Several factors appear to have been at work. First, in the last two years, Pennsylvania imposed a new state fee of $5.00 per ton on waste disposal. Added to pre-existing fees, the state now collects $7.25 on each ton of waste disposed in the state. This may have provided sufficient economic incentive for some haulers to dispose elsewhere. Second, the state appears to be receiving less waste from New York City, whose Mayor has adopted a goal of shipping all of New York City's waste by rail, rather than truck. Pennsylvania has no landfills served by rail, so some of this waste has been diverted to large landfills in Virginia that do have rail service. After Pennsylvania, Virginia is the largest waste importer, with imports totaling 5.5 million tons of MSW and 1.1 million tons of other nonhazardous waste. Waste imports to Virginia have increased sharply since 2001, as noted above. The state has attempted to restrict imports, but has not been as successful as Pennsylvania, in part because it has chosen a variety of measures that have run afoul of the Constitution's interstate commerce clause. These have included a ban on barge shipping of wastes on Virginia rivers, truck regulations that applied only to commercial solid waste transporters, and daily limits on the amount of waste that Virginia landfills could accept.7 7 See "Federal Appeals Court Strikes Majority of Virginia Restrictions on Trash Imports," Daily Environment Report, June 7, 2001, p. A-2. The case decided was Waste Management Holdings, Inc. v. Gilmore, 252 F.3d 316 (4th Cir 2001).. CRS-8 Michigan, the third-largest waste importer for the past several years, saw out-of- state waste grow by 1.03 million tons in 2003, following a slight decline in 2002. Substantial amounts of waste come to Michigan from Illinois, Indiana, and other neighboring states; but the biggest source, accounting for 62% of Michigan's out-of- state waste, is Ontario, Canada. Ontario is, of course, also Michigan's neighbor, but the fact that it lies in a foreign country and that it has large expanses of open land where landfills might be sited seems to have added additional notoriety to its waste shipments. Ontario's shipments to Michigan have grown as the Toronto area awarded new contracts for waste disposal and closed its last two landfills. At the beginning of 1999, the Toronto area was generating about 2.8 million tons of waste annually, of which about 700,000 tons were shipped to Michigan. By early 2003, however, there was virtually no local disposal capacity in the Toronto area, and almost all of the waste was being shipped to Michigan, where large disposal sites offered very low cost disposal. In other highlights: ! Ten states reported imports exceeding 1 million tons per year in the latest year, an increase of two from our last survey two years ago. New Jersey, Georgia, and South Carolina joined the "millionaires" in 2003, while Indiana went the other way, dropping below the million mark for the first time since 1995. ! In addition to the 10 states importing more than a million tons, another 22 states had imports exceeding 100,000 tons. ! For the fifth year in a row, New Jersey is on the list of major importers, with 1.67 million tons of MSW imports in 2002 (2003 data were not yet available). The state is still a major exporter of waste, as well: receiving states estimate New Jersey's exports at 5.8 million tons in 2003. But the absence of flow control (local government requirements that waste within their jurisdiction be disposed at local facilities, which were overturned by the courts in the mid-1990s) has led waste-to-energy facilities in New Jersey to import waste to replace the local waste that is now being disposed elsewhere. As a result, large amounts of waste are entering New Jersey from New York. ! Other states reporting major increases in imports were Ohio, Georgia, and South Carolina. Ohio has had a 1.5 million ton increase in MSW imports between 1998 and 2003, and appears poised to import even more, according to press reports and conversations with industry observers.8 The state has prepared draft permits that would expand landfill capacity by 176 million tons, 8 See, for example, "Three Ohio Landfills Want More Garbage Trucked In," Cincinnati Enquirer, August 16, 2004, at [http://www.enquirer.com]. CRS-9 according to one analyst.9 Georgia experienced a seven-fold increase, to 1.4 million tons over the same period; and South Carolina more than doubled imports (to 1.2 million tons) in the last two years. ! Oklahoma made its second appearance on our list of importers: the state reports that in September 2001, it began receiving 1,500 tons per day (about 500,000 tons per year) of waste from Wichita, Kansas. Some of this waste has since been diverted to a landfill in Topeka, Kansas, but Oklahoma's Red Carpet Landfill still imported nearly 334,000 tons of waste from Kansas in 2003, according to Kansas officials. ! Texas moved from 33rd to 25th on our list, with an import increase of 217,000 tons since 2001. Louisiana appeared to be the major source of the increased imports, sending more than 140,000 tons to a landfill in Newton, Texas, very near the Louisiana border. ! New York saw a big drop in waste imports following rapid growth in 2000 and 2001. The state had imported 839,700 tons of waste in 2001, an increase from 539,000 tons in our previous survey. But in this year's survey, imports declined sharply, totaling only 311,417 tons in 2003. ! Although there are no comprehensive data, imports to transfer stations10 are a political issue in some locations. Transfer stations are generally located in urban areas and are subject to less stringent regulation than disposal facilities. Heavy truck traffic and odors have aroused concerns in some neighboring communities. Connecticut, Rhode Island, and the District of Columbia have reported significant amounts of out-of-state waste imported to transfer stations, then exported to other states for disposal. New York City's plan to export most of its waste to transfer stations in New Jersey raised substantial controversy, before being rescinded. While waste imports increased overall, 14 states reported declines in waste imports. In several cases, the declines were small, but seven of the states (Pennsylvania, Indiana, Kentucky, New Mexico, Nevada, New York, and Iowa) had declines exceeding 100,000 tons. Major Exporters As shown in Table 2, eight states (New York, New Jersey, Missouri, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Washington) and the District of Columbia each exported more than 1 million tons of waste to facilities in other states in the latest 9 Telephone conversation, September 2, 2004. 10 Transfer stations receive waste from collection trucks, compact it, bale it, and load it on larger trucks for disposal elsewhere. CRS-10 reporting period, and nine other states exported more than half a million tons. The Canadian province of Ontario also exported a substantial amount of municipal waste (nearly 3 million tons), most of it to Michigan. New York, New Jersey, Missouri, Illinois, and Maryland, the five largest exporting states, accounted for 54% of waste exports nationally. New York's exports rose to 8,247,610 tons in 2003, according to nine receiving states, an increase of 754,000 tons over 2001. The increase reflects the March 2001 closure of New York City's Fresh Kills Landfill -- the city's last disposal facility. New Jersey's estimated exports, 5.8 million tons, have also grown dramatically. In New Jersey's case, the cause of increased exports is the overturning of the state's flow control law, which, until 1997, directed much of the state's waste to high-cost local facilities for disposal. The state law was overturned and the state exhausted its appeals in October 1997. Exports have since grown by about 3.5 million tons per year. Illinois' exports, at 2.1 million tons, declined by nearly 1 million tons in 2003, after several years of rapid growth. Despite the decline, the state's exports in 2003 were still more than double the amount reported for 1994.11 Most of the exports originate in Cook County (Chicago and its suburbs), which has a relative shortage of disposal capacity. Illinois as a whole reported a more than doubling of landfill capacity between 1995 and 2003, but Chicago is located near the border of both Indiana and Wisconsin; so increases in capacity elsewhere in Illinois may not affect disposal decisions in the metropolitan area. In all, 11 states, the District of Columbia, and Ontario, Canada increased waste exports by more than 100,000 tons each in the period, while 5 states had major decreases. In addition to New York, New Jersey, and Ontario (discussed above), Missouri, Kansas, Georgia, and Massachusetts showed the largest increases. Among states showing decreased exports, only Illinois showed a large drop. Net Imports and Exports Table 3 combines import and export data to rank the states by net amounts imported or exported. The table shows that 23 states were net importers, 22 plus the District of Columbia were net exporters. Thirty-five of the 50 states had net imports or exports exceeding 100,000 tons in the reporting period; 20 exceeded 500,000 tons. Perhaps most interesting, given the tendency to identify states as either exporters or importers, 23 states both exported and imported in excess of 100,000 tons of municipal solid waste (up from 17 in our 2002 report). Several factors are at work here. In the larger states, there are sometimes differences in available disposal capacity in different regions within the state. Areas without capacity may be closer to landfills (or may at least find cheaper disposal 11 Illinois, like most states, does not report waste exports. This export estimate was derived from data provided by neighboring states. CRS-11 options) in other states. A good example is Illinois: the Chicago area, which is close to two other states, exports significant amounts of waste out of state. Downstate, however, Illinois has substantial available landfill capacity, and imported 1.5 million tons from St. Louis and other locations in Missouri. As noted earlier, the movement of waste also represents the regionalization and consolidation of the waste industry. In 2003, the three largest firms (Waste Management, Allied Waste, and Republic Services) accounted for 67% of total revenues of the industry's 100 largest firms.12 These large firms offer integrated waste services, from collection to transfer station to disposal site, in many locations. Often, they ship waste to their own disposal facility across a border, rather than dispose of it at an in-state facility owned by a rival. As small landfills continue to close -- the number of U.S. landfills declined 54% between 1993 and 2002, from 4,482 to 2,07113 -- this trend toward regionalization and consolidation is likely to continue. The amount of waste being shipped across state lines for disposal may rise in this process. Additional Information The remainder of this report consists of a table summarizing waste import and export data, by state. All 50 states and the District of Columbia are listed in alphabetical order, with data for the amount of waste exported, destination of exports, amount of waste imported, source of imports, and a state agency contact for additional information. 12 "Waste Age 100," Waste Age, June 2004, pp. 30-42. 13 "The State of Garbage in America," BioCycle, April 1994, p. 51, and January 2004, p. 39. CRS-12 Table 4. Amount and Destination of Exported MSW, and Amount and Sources of Imported MSW, by State Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information Mississippi reports Besides Mississippi, very 415,425 tons in FY03 Mostly from Georgia. Larry Bryant, receiving 94,664 tons of small amounts to Florida. (10/02 - 9/03), a decrease Some from the Florida AL Dept. of Alabama MSW from Alabama in of 260,000 tons from panhandle. Environmental 2003. FY02, but an increase Management compared to FY01. (334) 271-7771 24,868 tons in 2003, Washington. No imports. N.A. Jennifer Roberts, according to Alaska. AK Dept. of Alaska Environmental Conservation (907) 269-7553 Arizona does not export Arizona estimates that 379,900 tons in the period Nearly all (375,600 tons) David Janke, significant amounts of between 1,000 and 10,000 4/03 - 3/04. from California. Small AZ Dept. of MSW. There are small tons may flow to New amounts from Nevada, Environmental Quality flows from border areas Mexico; 1,200 tons to New Mexico, and Utah. (602) 771-4173 Arizona to New Mexico, Nevada, Nevada; and 500 tons to and Utah. Based on state Utah. estimates, CRS estimates total exports at 7,000 tons. Three receiving states 84,698 tons to Missouri, State does not track Missouri reported 15,361 Doug Szenher, reported receiving 21,546 tons to imports, but believes that tons shipped to Arkansas AR Dept. of Pollution 114,192 tons from Mississippi, imports are relatively in 2003. Control and Ecology Arkansas in 2003. In 7,948 tons to Tennessee. small and confined to (501) 682-0915 Arkansas addition, Texas receives < 25,000 tons to Texas. border areas. some Arkansas waste. Arkansas itself reported only 36,050 tons of exports. CRS-13 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information Receiving states report Nevada 422,456 tons 44,000 tons in 2002. State does not keep track Sherry Sala-Moore, 798,056 tons of MSW Arizona 375,600 tons of where waste comes CA Integrated Waste shipped from California. (4/03-3/04). from. Management Board Although exports are (916) 341-6204 California substantial, they represent less than 2% of www.ciwmb.ca.gov/ the amount disposed in- lgcentral/drs/Reports/ state. Statewide/SWTotals. asp State does not track Kansas, Nebraska, New State does not track Kansas, Nebraska. Glenn Mallory, exports. Very small Mexico. imports. Small amounts CO Dept. of Public Health Colorado amounts may be may be imported from and Environment exported to neighboring Kansas and Nebraska. (303) 692-3445 states. Five states report Pennsylvania-283,157 tons Connecticut reports Mass. 41,869 tons Judy Belaval, receiving 634,155 tons (45%) 51,521 tons of MSW NY 9,597 tons CT Dept. of from Connecticut in Ohio-234,311 tons (37%) imports in 2003. NJ 55 tons Environmental Protection 2003. Connecticut Massachusetts-60,599 tons (860) 424-3237 reports exports of (10%) 286,086 tons. It believes Michigan-31,102 tons (5%) that the difference in New York-24,986 tons Connecticut reported amounts (4%). represents MSW direct- hauled out of the state without passing through transfer stations and C&D waste mixed in with MSW. CRS-14 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information The state does not track Virginia-65,627 tons (54%) The state does not track N.A. Nancy Markur, MSW exports. However, Pennsylvania-55,277 tons MSW imports but claims DE Dept. of Natural receiving states, which (45%) it is likely a negligible Resources and have reported data for New York-681 tons (1%) amount. All MSW Environmental Control, Delaware 2003, reported receiving landfills in the state are (302) 739-3689 121,585 tons from owned by the state and are Delaware in 2003. prohibited from accepting out-of-state waste. Receiving states, which Virginia-1,175,881 tons There are no disposal Maryland. D.C. Dept. of Public have reported data for (99.99%) facilities in the District of Works, Solid Waste 2003, reported receiving Columbia, but DC has Division 1,176,010 tons in 2003, In 2002, some amount was imported substantial (202) 727-5907 District of Columbia the bulk of which went to sent to Maryland, but amounts of waste from Virginia. Maryland does not track Maryland to transfer totals by state of origin. stations located in the District. This waste is then exported for disposal. The state does not track Georgia. Small amounts to The state does not track Alabama reports that it Peter Goren, exports. Georgia reports Alabama. imports. There is little ships very small amounts FL Dept. of receiving 676,517 tons of incentive to import, since to a facility in the Florida Environmental Protection MSW from Florida in disposal is less expensive panhandle. (850) 245-8714 Florida 2003. Exports are in Georgia. increasing, but still represent only 2% of Florida's waste generation. CRS estimates 600,000 Alabama and South 1,445,254 tons in 2003. 47% of the waste comes Scott Henson, tons of exports based on Carolina account for about Waste imports have from Florida, 29% from GA Dept. of Natural information available 95% of the total. The rest increased by 451,000 tons New Jersey, 7% from Resources Georgia from three receiving goes to Tennessee. Exports since FY2002. South Carolina, 6% from (404) 362-4533 states. to South Carolina have Rhode Island. increased substantially. CRS-15 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information No exports of MSW. N.A. No imports of MSW. N.A. Gary Siu, Hawaii HI Dept. of Health (808) 586-4244 Idaho does not track Montana, Washington. Idaho does not track Oregon and a very small Dean Ehlert, exports. Washington imports. Oregon reported amount from Nevada. ID Dept. of reports an estimated exports to Idaho of 18,668 Environmental Quality Idaho 18,000 tons of MSW tons of MSW in 2002. (208) 373-0416 from Idaho in 2002. Montana reports 26,307 tons in 2003. Six neighboring states Wisconsin 777,983 tons; The state reports Missouri (78%); Iowa Ellen Robinson, report receiving Indiana 668,161 tons 1,880,865 tons of imports (15%); Wisconsin (3%); IL Environmental 2,097,407 tons of MSW (2002); in 2003. (Data converted Indiana (3%); small Protection Agency Illinois from Illinois. Michigan 559,454 tons; from cubic yards to tons amounts from 7 other (217) 782-9288 Missouri 79,147 tons; by CRS.) states. Kentucky 8,754 tons; Iowa 3,908 tons. Six receiving states Michigan 540,384 tons, 917,678 tons of MSW in Illinois (73%); Michelle Weddle, reported a total of Kentucky 199,439 tons 2003, a decrease of Ohio (13%); IN Dept of Environmental 945,241 tons of MSW ( 2002)), 402,000 tons from the Michigan (7%); Management Indiana from Indiana. Ohio 157,512 tons, previous year. The state Kentucky (6%). (317) 233-4624 Illinois 42,210 tons, also received 217,200 tons Penn. 5,005 tons, of other solid waste from www.in.gov/idem/land/sw Virginia 691 tons. out of state in 2003. /qtrlyrpts/fars/far02.pdf CRS-16 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information CRS estimates 350,000 Illinois, 266,158 tons; The state reported a total 89% from Minnesota. Mark Warren, tons based on reports Missouri 5,267 tons; of 276,302 tons in The rest from Missouri, IA Dept of Natural from Iowa and receiving Wisconsin 500 tons. FY2003. Nebraska, Illinois, and Resources states. Three receiving FY 03 exports to Nebraska Wisconsin. (515) 281-4968 states report 271,925 totaled 93,563 tons, acc. to tons in 2003; the Iowa. Iowa additional amount in our estimate represents an estimated amount of waste shipped to Nebraska. Iowa reported 248,834 tons in FY2003 (7/02 - 6/03). Waste exports declined 90% to Oklahoma. 697,874 tons of MSW in 638,983 tons (92%) from Kent Foerster, in 2003 to 371,371 tons 10% to Missouri. 2002, plus 277,632 tons of Missouri; the remainder KS Dept. of Health and from 500,000 tons in other waste, primarily from Oklahoma. Environment 2002. Both years were C&D. The state believes (785) 296-1540 Kansas substantially above pre- imports are under- 2002 exports, however. reported, in part because waste imported by transfer stations is not counted. 328,993 tons in 2003. Tenn. 221,025 tons, 598,549 tons in 2002. Indiana (33%), Ohio Allan Bryant, Indiana 59,557 tons, (32%), and West Virginia KY Dept. for Ohio 46,307 tons, (21%) were the main Environmental Protection Kentucky Illinois 1,618 tons, sources in 2002. (502) 564-6716 Virginia 486 tons. Tennessee (6%) and Virginia (5%) contributed lesser amounts. CRS-17 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information Texas reports that it Texas, Mississippi. Louisiana does not track N.A. Dennis Duszynski, received 141,550 tons waste imports. Little LA Dept. of Louisiana from Louisiana in 2003. waste is believed to be Environmental Quality Mississippi received imported. (225) 219-3236 107,075 tons. The state does not New Hampshire received CRS estimates 2003 Massachusetts reported George MacDonald, maintain export data. In 38,643 tons. Most of the imports at 220,000 tons, 178,886 tons of MSW ME Dept of 2002, neighboring states rest went to Canada. Data based on reports from shipped to Maine in 2003. Environmental Protection Maine and Canada reported provided by North East Massachusetts and The rest comes from New (207) 287-5759 receiving a total of Waste Management NEWMOA. Hampshire. 49,868 tons. Officials Association (NEWMOA). Receiving states reported Virginia-1,808,446 tons The state reports receiving Delaware, Pennsylvania, Frank Diller, receiving1,941,370 tons (93%) 202,768 tons from out-of- Virginia, West Virginia, MD Dept of the from Maryland in 2003. Pennsylvania-130,516 tons state. The state has also D.C., New Jersey, and Environment (6%) generally imported New York. (410) 537-4143 Maryland Ohio-1,332 tons (<1%) substantial quantities of West Virginia-1,052 tons C&D waste. (<1%) New York-25 tons (<1%) CRS-18 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information In 2003, Massachusetts SC-450,221 tons (36%) In 2003, Massachusetts New York-67,634 tons Brian Holdridge, reported exporting a total New Hampshire-258,919 reported importing a total (38%) MA Dept. of of 1,239,364 tons. tons (21%) of 179,852 tons. Connecticut-60,599 tons Environmental Protection New York-193,297 tons (34%) (617) 292-5578 (16%) Rhode Island-24,114 tons Maine-178,886 tons (14%) (13%) Ohio-99,061 tons (8%) New Hampshire-22,471 Massachusetts Connecticut-39,023 tons tons (12%) (3%) Vermont-2,745 tons (2%) Virginia-9,343 tons (<1%) Maine-2,289 tons (1%) Rhode Island-5,575 tons (<1%) Pennsylvania-5,039 tons (<1%) The state does not track Ohio 71%, In FY2003 (10/02 - 9/03), Ontario, Canada (62%), Christina Miller, exports, but two Indiana 29%. imports of MSW were Illinois (12%), Indiana MI Dept. of neighboring states 4,503,218 tons, an (12%), Ohio (8%), Environmental Quality reported 223,310 tons increase of 1.0 million Wisconsin (4%). Six (517) 373-4741 Michigan from Michigan in 2003. tons in the past year. other states (principally (Data converted from Connecticut, Maine, www.deq.state.mi.us/ cubic yards to tons by and New York) account documents/deq-whm-stw- CRS.) for the remaining 2%. landfillreport.pdf In 2002, the state Iowa 286,802 tons According to the state, a N.A. Jim Chiles, exported 611,044 tons. Wisconsin 265,880 tons negligible amount has MN Pollution Control Minnesota No. Dakota 57,360 tons been imported. Agency So. Dakota 658 tons (651) 296-7273 CRS-19 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information Tennessee reports Tennessee. 579,752 tons in 2003. 356,477 tons (62%) from Pradip Bhowal, receiving 113,013 tons of Tennessee; 107,075 tons MS Dept. of Mississippi waste in (18%) from Louisiana; Environmental Quality 2003. 94,650 tons (16%) from (601) 961-5082 Mississippi Alabama; 21,550 tons (4%) from Arkansas. www.deq.state.ms.us/MD EQ.nsf/pdf/SW_ AnnualReport2003 2,334,511 tons in 2003. Illinois 1,648,008 tons 206,873 tons in 2003. Arkansas (41%); Debbie Sessler, (71%); Kansas 658,979 Illinois (38%); MO Dept. of Natural Missouri tons (28%); the remaining Kansas (18%); Resources 1% went to Arkansas, Iowa, Iowa (3%). (573) 751-5401 Kentucky and Tennessee. Montana does not track N.A. 31,437 tons in 2003 -- Idaho (84%), North Pat Crowley, exports, and is not almost identical to the Dakota (11%), Wyoming MT Dept. of Montana believed to export any amount in 2002. (5%). Environmental Quality significant amount of (406) 444-5294 MSW. The state does not collect Iowa. The state does not collect Iowa. Keith Powell, records on MSW exports, records on MSW imports. NE Dept. of but Iowa reports Iowa reports sending Environmental Quality Nebraska receiving 10,537 tons Nebraska 93,563 tons of (402) 471-4210 from Nebraska in MSW in FY2003. FY2003. Arizona estimates that it Arizona, Idaho. 422,456 tons in 2003. Almost all from Dave Simpson, received 3,300 tons of California. A small NV Division of MSW from Nevada. In amount is imported from Environmental Protection Nevada addition, an "insignifi- neighboring communities (775) 687-9469 cant" amount is exported in Utah and Arizona. to Idaho from border communities. CRS-20 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information CRS estimates exports of About two-thirds to Maine; In 2002, New Hampshire About three-quarters from Pierce Rigrod, 65,000 tons in 2003, most of the remainder to imported 401,852 tons of Massachusetts. The rest NH Dept. of New Hampshire based on reports from Massachusetts. MSW, primarily from was from Vermont and Environmental Services receiving states and Massachusetts. Maine. (603) 271-3713 NEWMOA. 5,803,184 tons in 2003, PA 4,800,094 tons; 1,671,065 tons in 2002. 97% from New York. Ray Worob, according to six OH 431,086 tons; NJ Dept. of importing states. New GA 413,456 tons; Environmental Protection New Jersey Jersey reported 3.7 VA 84,218 tons; (609) 984-6903 million tons of exports in NY 72,409 tons; 2002 (latest available WV 1,921 tons. data). The state says there are Texas and Arizona. 537,000 tons of MSW 511,000 tons from Texas. John O'Connell, no exports, except for were imported in 2003, The rest is from Colorado, NM Environment Dept. materials destined for according to official data, Arizona, Indian nations, (505) 827-2385 recycling. Texas and but state officials believe and maquiladora waste Arizona report receiving the reported amount could from Mexico. small amounts of waste be as much as 25% below New Mexico from New Mexico. actual imports because of underreporting by landfills that serve border cities and Indian nations. Imports are believed to be increasing in 2004. CRS-21 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information Nine importing states PA 3,760,783 tons; New York estimates Ontario, Canada (43%); Gerard Wagner, report a total of VA 1,765,271 tons; 311,417 tons were New Jersey (23%); NY State Dept. of 8,247,610 tons from New NJ 1,652,861 tons imported in 2003. The Pennsylvania (16%); Environmental York in 2003. New (2002); state also imported Massachusetts (9%); Conservation York facilities reported OH 887,297 tons; 172,000 tons of C&D Connecticut (8%). (518) 402-8662 New York exports of 4,960,830 tons MA 67,634 tons; waste in 2003. in 2003. WV 57,687 tons; GA 28,274 tons; MI 18,206 tons; CT 9,597 tons. 971,286 tons in FY2003 Virginia (50%), 133,145 tons in FY2003 South Carolina (64%); Paul Crissman, (July 2002-June 2003), South Carolina (44%), (July 2002-June 2003). Virginia (36%). NC Dept. of Environment an increase of 89,039 Tennessee (5%), Does not include 77,217 and Natural Resources tons from the previous Georgia (1%). tons of waste imported (919) 733-0692 x254 year. In addition, the from a South Carolina North Carolina state exported 77,217 transfer station, which [http://wastenot.enr.state.n tons to a South Carolina originally received the c.us/swhome/SW02- transfer station, which, waste from North 03_AR.doc] after baling, were sent Carolina. back to North Carolina for disposal. North Dakota estimates Montana received slightly 101,196 tons in 2002. Minnesota would be the Steve Tillotson, North Dakota exports at 10,000 tons in less than 4,000 tons. The largest source. ND Dept. of Health 2002. rest is not accounted for. (701) 328-5166 1,102,341 tons in 2003. Michigan (38%); Ohio imported 2,541,074 Ohio imports waste from Michelle Kenton, Kentucky (29%); tons in 2003, an increase 27 states. The largest OH Environmental West Virginia (17%); of 553,000 tons since sources were New York Protection Agency Ohio Indiana (13%); 2001. (35%), Pennsylvania (614) 728-5368 Pennsylvania (4%). (18%), New Jersey (17%), Connecticut (9%). CRS-22 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information Kansas received 58,891 Kansas, Texas. State does not track Mostly from Kansas. John Roberts, tons of waste from imports. Kansas reports OK Dept. of Oklahoma in 2002. that 333,616 tons of waste Environmental Quality Oklahoma Texas received at least were shipped from the (405) 702-5100 40,000 tons in 2003 Wichita area to Oklahoma (CRS estimate, based on in 2003. Texas data). Ontario shipped nearly 3 Primarily Michigan. Some None. N.A. Bruce Pope, million tons of MSW to to New York. Ontario Ministry of the United States in 2003 Environment and Energy (2,922,473 tons), (416) 325-4420 according to receiving states. Michigan Ontario, Canada received 2,789,650 tons of this waste in FY2003 (10/02-9/03). (Data converted from cubic yards to tons by CRS.) New York received 132,823 tons. Oregon exported 18,668 Mainly to Idaho. Oregon imported Almost all from Peter Spendelow, tons of MSW in 2002. 1,424,801 tons of MSW in Washington. OR Dept. of 2002. Imports accounted Environmental Quality Oregon for 34% of all the waste (503) 229-5521 disposed in Oregon that year. CRS-23 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information The state does not track 84% (467,042 tons) to 9,155,638 tons in 2003, a New Jersey (at 4.8 million Sally Lohman, exports. According to Ohio; the rest to New York, decline of 1.5 million tons tons) and New York (at PA Dept. of neighboring states, Virginia, and West Virginia. since 2001. The state is 3.76 million) accounted Environmental Protection Pennsylvania exported still, by far, the largest for nearly 94% of (717) 787-7382 558,975 tons of MSW in importer of MSW, Pennsylvania's MSW 2003. representing 23.5% of the imports in 2003. Other [http://www.dep.state.pa.u Pennsylvania national total of imports. sources included s/dep/deputate/airwaste/w In addition to MSW, Connecticut (0.28 million) m/drfc/reports/ctyfac.htm] Pennsylvania received 1.4 and Maryland (0.13 million tons of other solid million). waste from out of state in 2003. Receiving states reported 79% to Georgia; 21% to Massachusetts reports Massachusetts -- 5,575 Robert Schmidt, 117,301 tons of MSW Massachusetts. Tiny sending MSW to RI. tons in 2003. RI Dept. of Environmental from Rhode Island in amounts to Pennsylvania Officially, however, RI Management 2003. and Connecticut. does not accept MSW (401) 222-2797 x7260 Rhode Island from out-of-state. In 2002, all MSW imported to RI was reported as sent back out-of-state for disposal. Georgia, North Carolina Georgia 98,791 tons, South Carolina imported Massachusetts (38%) and Pete Stevens, and Virginia report NC 84,932 tons, 1,227,240 tons of MSW in North Carolina (36%) SC Dept. of Health and 184,797 tons of waste Virginia 1,074 tons. FY2003 (7/02-6/03). were the main sources. Environmental Control South Carolina from South Carolina in Georgia (17%) and (803) 896-4149 2003. Delaware (9%) accounted for most of the remainder. CRS-24 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information The state does not track N.A. The state does not track Minnesota Jim Wente, exports of MSW; imports of MSW; SD Dept. of Environment according to the state, according to the state, and Natural Resources there are insufficient there are insufficient (605) 773-3153 South Dakota amounts to warrant amounts to warrant tracking. tracking. Minnesota shipped 658 tons of MSW to South Dakota in 2002. Four neighboring states Mostly to Mississippi 577,940 tons in 2003. 221,025 tons (38%) from A. Wayne Brashear, report receiving 431,740 (83%). The rest went to Kentucky; 134,237 tons TN Dept. of Environment tons of waste from Kentucky (8%), (23%) from Virginia; and Conservation Tennessee, an increase of Virginia (7%), and 113,013 tons (20%) from (615) 532-8010 more than 40% since Georgia (2%). Mississippi; 53,484 tons Tennessee 2001. (9%) from North Carolina; 28,289 tons (5%) from Georgia; the rest from Missouri, Arkansas, West Virginia, and Alabama. New Mexico reports New Mexico 251,100 tons in 2003. Louisiana 141,550 tons Edward Block, 511,000 tons of waste Mexico 48,117 tons TX Commission on from Texas in 2003. Oklahoma at least 40,000 Environmental Quality Texas Texas reported a similar tons. The rest from (512) 239-6613 amount, relying on 2002 Arkansas, Kansas, data. Mississippi, and New Mexico. As in previous years, Nevada, Arizona. 0 tons in 2003, except for Arizona Jeff Emmons, about 1,000 tons of waste a "trickle" from Arizona. UT Dept. of went from Wendover, Environmental Quality Utah Utah, to Wendover, (801)538-6748 Nevada. Also, Arizona reports about 500 tons of waste from Utah. CRS-25 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information In 2002, 126,159 tons Mostly to New York and Facilities in Vermont do New York 61,463 tons Julie Hackbarth, were exported. New Hampshire. A small not accept out-of-state VT Dept. of Vermont amount to Massachusetts. waste. However, New Environmental York reports sending Conservation MSW to Vermont. (802) 241-3446 The state does not track Tennessee 134,237 tons; Virginia remains the 95% from 3 states and Kathy Frahm, MSW exports. Seven No. Car. 48,213 tons; second-largest waste DC: 1,808,446 tons from VA Dept. of states report 240,633 Kentucky 31,845 tons; importer. The state Maryland; 1,765,271 from Environmental Quality tons of exports from Georgia 15,623 tons; imported 5,489,170 tons New York; 1,175,881 (804) 698-4376 Virginia. West Va. 5,321 tons; of MSW in 2003 and 1.1 from DC; 470,074 tons Virginia So. Car. 2,807 tons; million tons of other waste from North Carolina. www.deq.state.va.us/ Penn. 2,587 tons. (mostly C&D waste, Less than 5% from 16 waste/pdf/swreport03. sludge, and incinerator other states. pdf ash). Imports increased by nearly 1 million tons compared with 2002. 1,001,717 tons of MSW Oregon. 112,097 tons of MSW in 50% from British Ellen Caywood, in 2002, plus 423,531 2002, plus 53,838 tons of Columbia; 19% from WA Dept. of Ecology tons of other waste. other waste. Oregon; 16% from Idaho; (360) 407-6132 Washington has huge 15% from Alaska. amounts of landfill www.ecy.wa.gov/pubs/03 Washington capacity, but because of 07019.pdf contractual arrange- ments, the state exports substantial amounts of waste. No tracking system. Six Kentucky (35%), Ohio 276,439 tons in 2003. Ohio 195,203 tons, Jan Borowski, receiving states reported (31%), Pennsylvania (20%), NY 57,687 tons, WV Solid Waste 364,719 tons of waste Virginia (13%). Small Penn. 13,275 tons, Management Board West Virginia from West Virginia. amounts to Tennessee and Virginia 5,321 tons. (304) 558-0844 New York. The rest from 9 other states. CRS-26 Amount of Destination of Amount of Sources of State MSW Exported Exported Waste MSW Imported Imported Waste Additional Information The state does not collect Michigan (77%), Illinois 1,210,008 tons in 2003. Illinois 777,983 tons, Kurt Byfield, export data, but two (23%). Minn. 431,526 tons. WI Dept. of Natural receiving states report Resources Wisconsin 213,989 tons of (608)266-8805 Wisconsin exports in 2003. The state does not collect Montana. The state does not collect N.A. Bob Doctor, export data. Montana import data. A few tons a WY Dept. of Wyoming reported 1,487 tons from day may enter the state. Environmental Quality Wyoming. (307) 473-3468 N.A. = not available Source: CRS, based on telephone interviews with and data provided by state program officials. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL32570