Number: RL30692
Title: Global Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol
Authors: Susan R. Fletcher, Resources, Science, and Industry Division 
Abstract: Following the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by Russia in November 2004, it entered into force on February 16, 2005, and as noted above, obligates the 35 developed nations that have ratified it to meet their commitments to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions by the amounts specified in the Protocol over the period 2008 to 2012. A total of 141 nations, including developing countries - which have no binding obligations under the treaty - had ratified the Protocol when it entered into force. In order to enter into force, the Protocol had to be ratified by developed (Annex I) nations representing 55% of the level of their emissions in 1990. Only those countries that have ratified the Protocol are bound by its terms; therefore, although the United States had signed the Protocol, it is not bound by its terms, since it has not ratified it. This report is intended to provide background on the Kyoto Protocol and its terms.
Pages: 13
Date: July 21, 2005