For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL30668 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Order Code RL30668 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Economic Indicators: Country Comparisons September 5, 2000 Shawn Waddoups Research Associate Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ~ The Library of Congress Economic Indicators: Country Comparisons Summary Policymaking in this time of globalization often requires information about the economic output of various countries, how those countries' economies compare with one another, and where the United States stands relative to the rest of the world. This report provides a summary of output measures, explaining their strengths and weaknesses, and various cross-country comparisons. It does not delve into any of several other measures of economic performance that also may be of use depending on the focus of a particular line of inquiry. Although perhaps seemingly straight forward, comparing the economic output of national economies can be complicated for several reasons. First, there are different indicators to choose from when contrasting national economies. These include gross national product (GNP), per capita GNP, purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita GNP, and (for contrasting purposes) the human development index (HDI). Each measure has relative strengths and weaknesses and no one measure provides a complete picture for comparative purposes. Second, while all country data originate from national governments, comparing them raises numerous problems. The World Bank is a primary source for cross- country economic (and social) data and is the source of data comparison used in this report--with the exception of one table constructed from United Nations data. As a single comprehensive source, the World Bank has many advantages: standardization, reliability, and completeness. Perhaps most importantly, using a single consistent source when comparing national economies reduces the possibility of distortion from varying data collection and report methods that can occur when multiple sources are being used. According to these measures, the United States ranks first in total gross national product (GNP), tenth in per capita GNP, fourth in per capita GNP adjusted for purchasing power, and third using a broader indicator of economic and social well being. After discussing the merits of various output measures, this report provides a detailed comparison of economic output among the world's economies, including tables summarizing GNP, per capita GNP, PPP GNP, and HDI, along with comparisons of selected countries by each category. This report concludes with a list of sources and appendix of acronyms and abbreviations. Contents Statistical Data Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Measures of National Economic Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Gross National Product (GNP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Real GNP/GDP and Other Adjustments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Per Capita Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Purchasing Power Parity Gross National Product (PPP GNP) . . . . . . . . . . 7 Human Development Index (HDI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Tables of National Economic Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Gross National Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Per Capita Gross National Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Gross National Product Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Per Capita GNP Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Purchasing Power Parity Per Capita GNP Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Comparison of Various Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Human Development Index Rankings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Sources for Statistical Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Appendix A. Acronyms and Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Economic Indicators: Country Comparisons Congressional interest in international affairs frequently turns to cross-country comparisons of economic performance. In particular, policymaking in this time of globalization often requires information on the economic income and output of various countries, how those countries' economies compare with one another, and where the United States stands relative to the rest of the world. This report responds to this interest by presenting selected indicators of economic output, clarifying how they are measured and interpreted, and providing comparative data among various countries. It also presents one broader indicator of human development to highlight the fact that economic output, although useful, is limited as a measure of economic and social well being.1 According to these measures, the United States ranks first in total gross national product (GNP), tenth in per capita GNP, fourth in per capita GNP adjusted for purchasing power, and third using a broader indicator of economic and social well being. Statistical Data Sources International economic data is available from many reliable sources including: the World Bank (WB); the International Monetary Fund (IMF); United Nations (U.N.); the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD); and others. This report relies heavily on data from the World Bank because it is a frequently-cited source.2 In addition, even though it may appear at times that a domestic source provides more current or accurate data (U.S. economic statistics, for example), the World Bank is a highly accurate cross-national source known for its standardized, reliable, and comprehensive information. A single consistent data series allows for meaningful cross-country comparisons and the World Bank offers several advantages in this regard because its data:3 ! must be reported using a common methodology and standardized procedures; 1 The report does not delve into other broad macroeconomic and social indicators. For a discussion of some, see CRS Report RL30449: Debt and Development in Poor Countries: Rethinking Policy Responses, by J. F. Hornbeck. March 1, 2000. pp. 1-4. For inquiries related to this report, contact Jeff Hornbeck. 2 World Bank data may be found in: World Development Indicators, World Development Report, and World Development Indicators CD-ROM. Selected portions of the CD-ROM are available on-line at [http://www.worldbank.org/data] 3 World Bank. World Development Report 1999/2000, 2000, p. 227. CRS-2 ! reflect World Bank primary data collection efforts, working with member country statistical sources; ! incorporate information from other international organizations and research institutes such as the U.N., IMF and OECD, when necessary; ! reflect collective professional judgement regarding data reliability and consistency, particularly with some (often smaller developing) countries for which this would otherwise prove difficult; ! allow for meaningful ranking of countries by various measures. (A note of caution, however. These are rankings of order only ­ the rankings alone do not necessarily provide a complete indication of the relative strength or weakness of national economies.) Despite the World Bank's concerted effort to provide consistent and accurate data, collecting large quantities of information from many sources remains inherently problematic. The World Bank points to the many local factors limiting data usefulness, noting that "although international standards of coverage, definition, and classification apply to most statistics reported by countries and international agencies, there are inevitable differences in coverage, currentness, and the capabilities and resources devoted to basic data collection and compilation."4 When contrasting economic indicators derived from various countries it is important to realize that "Considerable effort has been made to standardize the data, but full compatibility cannot be assured, and care must be taken in interpreting the indicators."5 Care must also be taken in comparing figures collected by the World Bank with those provided by other agencies. Mixing data from various reporting agencies may reflect different collection methods and basic sources, and although the data may be equally accurate, it may not be suitable for direct comparison. Data reported by separate agencies may vary because of differences in definitions, methodology, and presentation. Another source that this report uses is the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). This organization publishes the human development index (HDI), which is used as a broad measure of development contrasted herein with narrower indicators of economic output. As discussed later, the rankings generated by the human development index can vary greatly from those of the other indicators in this report. 4 Ibid. 5 Ibid., p. 273 CRS-3 Measures of National Economic Output There are several indicators that can be used to compare economic output across countries. Two commonly used measures are gross national product (GNP) and per capita gross national product. The World Bank has also developed a method called purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita gross national product. Another helpful measure in conducting cross-national comparisons is the UNDP's Human Development Index (HDI). Since the HDI uses PPP GNP per capita as one of its variables, it is related to these other measures of output, but the comparison is expanded by adding two social factors (life expectancy and education) to provide a broader, although crude, measure of comparative development. The several measures are not interchangeable. When comparing the output of different countries, analysts must ensure that they are using identical figures from a common source. Similarly, national rankings vary from measure to measure. For example, the United States far outpaces all other countries in total GNP, but ranks tenth in per capita GNP, fourth in PPP per capita GNP, and third in the HDI. Two other examples, Russia and Gabon, illustrate even more dramatically how ranking can vary depending on the measure used. The following chart shows the ranking for each country in four different measures: Chart 1. Economic Performance: A Comparison of Russia and Gabon RUSSIA GABON Measure Rank Measure Rank GNP 16th GNP 107th Per Capita GNP 97th Per Capita GNP 72nd PPP GNP 83rd PPP GNP 89th HDI 62nd HDI 123rd Source: World Bank and United Nations (HDI). The variation evident in these rankings is the product of several factors: ! In the case of Russia, the country remains one of the world's largest economies with a GNP ranking 16th, but that GNP is spread across a large population, leading to a relatively low per capita GNP. However, that is somewhat compensated for by the cost of living, as shown by the higher ranking for PPP GNP. Furthermore, the HDI rank indicates that Russian quality of life is somewhat higher than what you would expect based on the per capita GNP ranking alone, but considerably lower than the total GNP would seem to indicate; ! In the case of Gabon, the difference between the GNP and per capita GNP ranks indicates that the country is producing more per person than other countries with a similar GNP. However, the lower PPP CRS-4 GNP per capita indicates that the cost of living in Gabon is high in comparison to the per capita GNP. Perhaps most tellingly, the HDI rank for Gabon is much lower than the per capita GNP would lead one to believe it should be. (See table 6, page 15, for a comparison of the top twenty countries ranked by overall GNP, per capita GNP and per capita PPP GNP.) These cases emphasize the importance of looking to various economic indicators when comparing countries. Depending on which measure is used, a country may rank higher or lower on a relative scale. Gross National Product (GNP) GNP is the broadest measure of economic output by one nation. It is "the value of final goods and services produced by domestically owned factors of production within a given time period."6 It is reported as an annual rate. A particular country's GNP is the sum of the output generated by domestically-owned enterprises plus profits earned abroad by foreign subsidiaries of domestic parent companies and returned to the home country. GNP also accounts for taxes (less subsidies) that are not counted as part of the production.7 It does not include the profits generated by foreign-owned corporations or individuals and taken out of the country. The World Bank uses the output approach to measure a country's GNP (rather than the demand approach or total purchases plus inventory accumulation).8 In broad terms, this method measures the value added at each stage of a good's production. For comparative purposes, the World Bank converts all GNP figures into U.S. dollars. The Bank uses its Atlas Method of conversion to minimize the impact of currency fluctuations.9 Instead of using the exchange rate of the dollar against a particular country's currency on a given day, the Atlas Method takes an average exchange rate over the previous three years to calculate the current value in dollars for the country's GNP. Fluctuations in the dollar's value can sometimes give the impression of growth or recession in foreign economies when, in fact, the changes are caused by variations in the dollar's worth relative to the local currency. (See table 1, page 10, for an alphabetical listing of countries and their GNP. See table 3, page 12, for country rankings by GNP.) 6 Dornbusch, Rudiger, and Stanley Fischer. 1994. Macroeconomics Sixth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 31. 7 World Bank. 2000. World Development Report 1999/2000. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 274. 8 World Bank. 2000. World Development Report 1999/2000. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 274. 9 For a discussion of the Atlas Method of currency conversion, see the World Development Report 1999/2000, p. 287-288. CRS-5 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) GDP is similar in nature to GNP, but measures all production within the borders of one country. Formally defined, it is "the value of all final goods and services produced in the country within a given time period,"10 usually one year. Production by all firms, governments and individuals, regardless of their national origin, is counted in the GDP.11 This means that the production of British companies and Japanese citizens operating in the United States are measured as part of the U.S. GDP. Similarly, the production of American firms operating in Brazil is not counted as part of the U.S. GDP, but as part of the Brazilian GDP. The United States began using GDP to measure domestic economic performance in December 1991.12 GNP and GDP both reflect the output of national economies in terms of market prices, so inflation can distort the picture over the long run. Therefore, when evaluating the growth in either GNP or GDP, it is important to use figures that are adjusted for inflation, known as real GNP or real GDP. For international comparisons, the adjustment for inflation is calculated using deflators published by the International Monetary Fund. Real GNP/GDP and Other Adjustments Both GNP and GDP measure the value of products that are bought and sold in the marketplace. Measuring only market transactions leads to undercounting because of the following: ! GNP and GDP measure only the formal economy. In most developed countries, this is a limited concern. In many developing countries, however, the informal economy or the exchange of goods and services between individuals "off the books" plays an important role in and composes a significant share of the "actual" economy. There have been attempts to measure the contribution of the informal economy to national production, but a significant portion of some national economies goes unmeasured by GNP or GDP. ! Neither GNP nor GDP measures the value of services or goods that individuals provide for themselves. If that same good or service is provided in the marketplace, these measures do capture its value. Thus, GNP and GDP fail to capture the output generated by self- provision. ! GNP and GDP also fail to measure the value of leisure time to consumers or the value of a clean environment. Although these may 10 Dornbusch, Rudiger, and Stanley Fischer. 1994. Macroeconomics Sixth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 29. 11 Ibid, p. 29-30. 12 Executive Office of the President. Council of Economic Advisors. 1992 Economic Report of the President. Washington, D.C.: GPO. p. 246. CRS-6 enhance the quality of life, GNP and GDP do not reflect this value to individuals. ! Countries that receive high levels of foreign aid have infusions into their economy that are not measured by GNP or GDP. Thus, the consumption level can be much higher than either of these measures of production would suggest. The major difference between GNP and GDP is what is included in calculating the figures (in technical terms, net foreign factor income). As noted above, the U.S. government now uses GDP to track the performance of the domestic economy. The switch from GNP to GDP was made because "GDP corresponds more closely to other indicators of domestic short-term economic performance."13 However, the World Bank continues to use GNP to make cross-country economic comparisons.14 This is important to note. The comparison of one country's GDP with another country's GNP can present a distorted picture, especially if there is a large difference in the level of income taken out of or brought into the two countries. For some countries, there is little difference between the level of GNP and GDP. This is true in most industrialized countries, such as the United States, because domestic firms return approximately the same amount of income from abroad as foreign firms derive from the local economy. For developing countries, however, there can be a substantial difference between the two measures for two reasons: ! Some countries have many citizens who work abroad. High levels of international earnings can cause GNP to be higher than GDP. ! Other countries have high levels of foreign investment in their economy with little or no corresponding investment abroad. This can lead to large profits being repatriated without the balancing effect of foreign earnings flowing back into the local economy. In this situation, GNP may be low in relation to GDP.15 Per Capita Measurement Demographic factors can also complicate cross-country economic comparisons. Contrasting the overall GNP of the United States ($7.9 trillion) with the next largest economy in the world, Japan ($4.1 trillion), shows that the U.S. GNP is almost twice that of Japan's. But this does not take into consideration that the population of the United States (270 million) is roughly twice that of Japan's (126 million). GNP is useful when considering geopolitical and strategic policies. It is an indicator of the 13 Executive Office of the President. Council of Economic Advisors. 1992 Economic Report of the President. Washington, D.C.: GPO. p. 248. 14 World Bank. 2000. World Development Report 1999/2000. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 274. 15 Executive Office of the President. Council of Economic Advisors. 1992 Economic Report of the President. Washington, D.C.: GPO. p. 246. CRS-7 total strength and mobilization potential of a nation. GNP is less useful when considering questions of individual standard of living or marketing potential. In these cases, a more accurate comparison between two countries is the amount of production per person. This is called per capita GNP. Per capita GNP is derived by dividing the overall GNP by the population of the country. Using per capita figures allows meaningful comparisons between countries that vary greatly in population. Returning to the example of the United States and Japan, Japanese per capita GNP is actually higher than that of the United States-- $32,350 versus $29,240. But neither country ranks first in per capita GNP--Japan ranks seventh and the United States tenth in the world. Luxembourg has the highest per capita GNP with $45,100 (but obviously has little geopolitical power).16 Per capita GNP does have its shortcomings, however. It does not measure how well the production of a particular country is distributed across its population, how much an individual could purchase with the per capita GNP amount, or the level of development in the country. It also fails to reflect the differences in the quality of life enjoyed by the inhabitants of different countries. Although the per capita GNP of Japan is greater than that of the United States, housing costs, a major quality of life consideration, are also much higher. This, to some extent, negates the difference between the two countries. Other factors, such as the cost of food, clothing, and commuting, also escape the calculations of per capita GNP. These differences in costs can be accounted for by adjusting GNP for differences in purchasing power. (See table 2, page 11, for an alphabetical listing of countries and their per capita GNP. See table 4, page 13, for country rankings by per capita GNP.) Purchasing Power Parity Gross National Product (PPP GNP) PPP GNP adjusts GNP to account for how much people can buy for their money in a given country. The PPP GNP can be divided by population to determine it on a per capita basis. Instead of simply measuring total output, the PPP GNP method attempts to gauge how much a person would have to pay in the local currency for a set basket of goods. That amount is then converted to the equivalent value in U.S. dollars, sometimes also called international dollars, so that analysts can make cross- country standard of living comparisons. This procedure compensates somewhat for the fact that exchange rates do not always accurately reflect differences in relative prices. PPP rates facilitate a comparison of real price levels among countries.17 PPP GNP per capita is a crude measure. Although it does allow standard of living comparisons, it does not accurately represent the actual amount of personal income in U.S. dollars available in the foreign country. It reflects how much it costs to buy a set of goods in a particular country or how much income the average 16 World Bank, 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (GNP per capita 1998, Atlas method and PPP). Available at [http://www.worldbank.org/data/databytopic/ databytopic.html#MACRO ECONOMICS AND GROWTH]. 17 World Bank. 2000. World Development Report 1999/2000. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 274. CRS-8 individual from that country would have were he to buy that set of goods in the United States. Also, it does not consider that norms related to such things as housing and transportation can vary greatly among countries. It does measure the comparative cost of living in various countries, but still does not completely portray the amount of goods that individuals can purchase with their local currency salaries.18 (See table 5, page 14, for country rankings by per capita PPP GNP.) Human Development Index (HDI) Additionally, this report includes a listing of world ranking based on the human development index. This measure, developed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is a departure from the other measures discussed in this paper because it is not a simple indicator of economic output and income nor is it a World Bank statistic. It was originally developed as an alternative measure of development, serving to supplement indicators such as GNP. One of the HDI's developers, Mahbub ul Haq, describes it as a measure "of the same level of vulgarity as GNP-- just one measure--but a measure that is not blind to social aspects of human life as GNP is."19 This approach emphasizes that economic factors are not the only factors that affect an individual's standard of living. The HDI takes into account two other factors that play a role in how well the average person lives in a particular country.20 The HDI incorporates three variables to estimate a country's standard of living: life expectancy; educational attainment; and income. Life expectancy is measured as longevity from birth. Educational attainment is measured by joining the adult literacy rate with a combined score for gross primary, secondary, and tertiary school enrollment ratios. Income is taken as per capita PPP GNP.21 These values are then used to compute a score between 0 and 1 for each country.22 The closer to one on the scale, the higher the level of development. One way to apply the HDI is in concert with the per capita PPP GNP. Because per capita PPP GNP is part of the HDI index, if a country has a higher HDI rank than per capita PPP GNP rank, for example, the UNDP concludes that the country is using its income (resources) efficiently to meet development goals. Ninety-seven of the 174 countries the UNDP evaluated ranked higher in the HDI than per capita PPP GNP. Conversely, sixty-nine of the countries had a lower HDI rank than per capita PPP 18 For more on PPP GNP and other development measures, CRS Report 97-759 F. Comparing Countries' Levels of Development, by Jonathan E. Sanford. 19 United Nations Development Programme. 1999. Human Development Report 1999. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 23. 20 United Nations Development Programme. 2000. Human Development Report 2000. New York: Oxford University Press. 21 Ibid. p. 144-145. 22 For further discussion of the method used to calculate HDI scores, see the technical note in the UNDP's Human Development Report 2000. CRS-9 GNP rank, indicating that there are some inefficiencies in converting economic output into a higher standard of living.23 Because of the inclusion of other variables, countries with similar per capita PPP GNP levels can have very different HDI scores. On the other hand, countries with widely different per capita PPP GNP levels can have similar HDI scores. The UNDP acknowledges that the HDI is a very rough estimator of a country's standard of living. However, the HDI is a simple enough measure to allow meaningful comparison among countries without becoming bogged down in regional or cultural differences. The UNDP has created other indexes to measure national standards of living in light of gender, poverty and equality issues. However, the HDI is the most widely used of these indexes. (See table 7, page 16, for a listing of countries ranked by HDI levels.) Tables of National Economic Indicators The following tables contain information compiled from World Bank and the Untied Nations Development Programme publications. Full source citations are included following the tables. The tables are meant as a quick reference only. For a more comprehensive and extended treatment of the subject, please refer to the source publication. 23 United Nations Development Programme. 2000. Human Development Report 2000. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 148. CRS-10 Table 1 Gross National Product (In billions of U.S. dollars as of 1998) GNP Rank GNP Rank GNP Rank Albania 2.7 135 Germany 2179.8 3 Norway 152.1 25 Algeria 46.4 51 Ghana 7.3 96 Pakistan 61.5 44 Angola 4.6 115 Greece 123.4 32 Panama 8.3 90 Antigua and Barbuda 0.6 182 Grenada 0.3 192 Papua New Guinea 4.1 120 Argentina 290.3 17 Guatemala 17.8 71 Paraguay 9.2 87 Armenia 1.7 155 Guinea 3.8 125 Peru 60.5 45 Australia 387 14 Guinea-Bissau 0.2 200 Philippines 78.9 41 Austria 216.7 21 Guyana 0.7 179 Poland 151.3 26 Azerbaijan 3.8 123 Haiti 3.2 131 Portugal 106.4 33 Bahrain 4.9 108 Honduras 4.6 116 Romania 30.6 59 Bangladesh 44.2 53 Hong Kong, China 158.2 24 Russian Federation 331.8 16 Barbados 2.1 145 Hungary 45.6 52 Rwanda 1.9 150 Belarus 22.3 62 Iceland 7.6 95 Samoa 0.2 201 Belgium 259 19 India 427.4 11 Saudi Arabia 143.4 27 Belize 0.6 180 Indonesia 130.6 30 Senegal 4.7 112 Benin 2.3 141 Iran, Islamic Rep. 102.2 34 Seychelles 0.5 184 Bhutan 0.4 190 Ireland 69.3 43 Sierra Leone 0.7 175 Bolivia 8 93 Israel 96.5 36 Singapore 95.5 37 Botswana 4.8 111 Italy 1157 6 Slovak Rep. 19.9 66 Brazil 767.6 8 Jamaica 4.5 117 Slovenia 19.4 67 Bulgaria 10.1 84 Japan 4089.1 2 Sao Tome & Principe 0.04 206 Burkina Faso 2.6 138 Jordan 5.3 106 Solomon Islands 0.3 191 Burundi 0.9 170 Kazakhstan 20.9 63 South Africa 136.9 28 Cambodia 2.9 132 Kenya 10.2 82 Spain 555.2 10 Cameroon 8.7 89 Kiribati 0.1 203 Sri Lanka 15.2 75 Canada 580.9 9 Korea, Rep. 398.8 12 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.3 195 Cape Verde 0.5 185 Kyrgyz Rep. 1.8 152 St. Lucia 0.6 183 Central African Rep. 1.1 166 Lao PDR 1.6 159 St.Vincent&Grenadines 0.3 194 Chad 1.7 157 Latvia 5.9 102 Sudan 8.2 91 Chile 73.9 42 Lebanon 15 76 Suriname 0.7 176 China 923.6 7 Lesotho 1.2 164 Swaziland 1.4 162 Colombia 100.7 35 Lithuania 9.4 86 Sweden 226.5 20 Comoros 0.2 199 Luxembourg 19.2 68 Switzerland 284.1 18 Congo, Dem. Rep. 5.4 104 Macedonia, FYR 2.6 137 Syrian Arab Rep. 15.5 74 Congo, Rep. 1.9 149 Madagascar 3.7 126 Tajikistan 2.3 140 Costa Rica 9.8 85 Malta 3.8 124 Tanzania 7.2 98 Cote d'Ivoire 10.2 83 Marshall Islands 0.1 204 Thailand 131.9 29 Croatia 20.7 64 Malawi 2.2 142 Togo 1.5 160 Cyprus 9 88 Malaysia 81.3 39 Tonga 0.2 202 Czech Rep. 53 48 Maldives 0.3 193 Trinidad & Tobago 5.8 103 Denmark 175.2 23 Mali 2.6 136 Tunisia 19.2 69 Dominica 0.2 197 Mauritania 1 167 Turkey 200.5 22 Dominican Rep. 14.6 77 Mauritius 4.3 118 Uganda 6.6 99 Ecuador 18.5 70 Mexico 368.1 15 Ukraine 49.2 49 Egypt, Arab Rep. 79.2 40 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.2 198 United Arab Emirates 48.7 50 El Salvador 11.2 80 Moldova 1.7 158 United Kingdom 1264.3 5 Equatorial Guinea 0.5 187 Mongolia 1 168 United States 7903 1 Eritrea 0.8 174 Morocco 34.4 56 Uruguay 19.9 65 Estonia 4.9 110 Mozambique 3.5 127 Uzbekistan 22.9 61 Ethiopia 6.2 101 Namibia 3.2 129 Vanuatu 0.2 196 Fiji 1.7 154 Nepal 4.9 109 Venezuela 82.1 38 Finland 125.1 31 Netherlands 389.1 13 Vietnam 26.5 60 France 1465.4 4 New Zealand 55.4 46 West Bank & Gaza 4.3 119 Gabon 4.9 107 Nicaragua 1.8 153 Yemen, Rep. 4.6 114 Gambia, The 0.4 189 Niger 2 146 Zambia 3.2 128 Georgia 5.2 105 Nigeria 36.4 55 Zimbabwe 7.2 97 CRS-11 Table 2 Per Capita Gross National Product (In 1998 U.S. dollars) PC GNP Rank PC GNP Rank PC GNP Rank Albania 810 139 Germany 26,570 13 Nigeria 300 181 Algeria 1550 113 Ghana 390 164 Norway 34,310 4 Angola 380 165 Greece 11,740 46 Pakistan 470 158 Antigua and Barbuda 8,450 52 Grenada 3,250 84 Panama 2,990 88 Argentina 8,030 55 Guatemala 1,640 111 Papua New Guinea 890 138 Armenia 460 160 Guinea 530 154 Paraguay 1,760 106 Australia 20,640 23 Guinea-Bissau 160 201 Peru 2,440 94 Austria 26,830 12 Guyana 780 141 Philippines 1,050 132 Azerbaijan 480 156 Haiti 410 162 Poland 3,910 74 Bahrain 7,640 58 Honduras 740 146 Portugal 10,670 48 Bangladesh 350 173 Hong Kong, China 23,660 21 Romania 1,360 119 Barbados 7,890 .. Hungary 4,510 71 Russian Federation 2,260 97 Belarus 2,180 99 Iceland 27,830 11 Rwanda 230 192 Belgium 25,380 15 India 440 161 Samoa 1,070 131 Belize 2,660 90 Indonesia 640 149 Saudi Arabia 6,910 60 Benin 380 165 Iran, Islamic Rep. 1,650 110 Senegal 520 155 Bhutan 470 158 Ireland 18,710 27 Seychelles 6,420 62 Bolivia 1,010 134 Israel 16,180 32 Sierra Leone 140 202 Botswana 3,070 87 Italy 20,090 25 Singapore 30,170 9 Brazil 4,630 68 Jamaica 1,740 108 Slovak Rep. 3,700 77 Bulgaria 1,220 125 Japan 32,350 7 Slovenia 9,780 50 Burkina Faso 240 191 Jordan 1,150 128 Sao Tome & Principe 270 186 Burundi 140 202 Kazakhstan 1,340 120 Solomon Islands 760 144 Cambodia 260 187 Kenya 350 173 South Africa 3,310 83 Cameroon 610 152 Kiribati 1,170 127 Spain 14,100 39 Canada 19,170 26 Korea, Rep. 8,600 51 Sri Lanka 810 139 Cape Verde 1,200 126 Kyrgyz Rep. 380 165 St. Kitts and Nevis 6,190 63 Central African Rep. 300 181 Lao PDR 320 179 St. Lucia 3,660 79 Chad 230 192 Latvia 2,420 95 St.Vincent & Grenadines 2,560 91 Chile 4,990 66 Lebanon 3,560 80 Sudan 290 183 China 750 145 Lesotho 570 153 Suriname 1,660 109 Colombia 2,470 93 Lithuania 2,540 92 Swaziland 1,400 118 Comoros 370 170 Luxembourg 45,100 1 Sweden 25,580 14 Congo, Dem. Rep. 110 205 Macedonia, FYR 1,290 121 Switzerland 39,980 3 Congo, Rep. 680 148 Madagascar 260 187 Syrian Arab Rep. 1,020 133 Costa Rica 2,770 89 Malawi 210 195 Tajikistan 370 170 Cote d'Ivoire 700 147 Malaysia 3,670 78 Tanzania 220 194 Croatia 4,620 69 Maldives 1,130 129 Thailand 2,160 100 Cyprus 11,920 44 Mali 250 189 Togo 330 177 Czech Rep. 5,150 65 Malta 10,100 49 Tonga 1,750 107 Denmark 33,040 6 Marshall Islands 1,540 114 Trinidad & Tobago 4,520 70 Dominica 3,150 86 Mauritania 410 162 Tunisia 2,060 101 Dominican Rep. 1,770 105 Mauritius 3,730 76 Turkey 3,160 85 Ecuador 1,520 116 Mexico 3,840 75 Uganda 310 180 Egypt, Arab Rep. 1,290 121 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1,800 104 Ukraine 980 135 El Salvador 1,850 103 Moldova 380 165 United Arab Emirates 17,870 28 Equatorial Guinea 1,110 130 Monaco .. 16 United Kingdom 21,410 22 Eritrea 200 198 Mongolia 380 165 United States 29,240 10 Estonia 3,360 82 Morocco 1,240 124 Uruguay 6,070 64 Ethiopia 100 206 Mozambique 210 195 Uzbekistan 950 137 Fiji 2,210 98 Namibia 1,940 102 Vanuatu 1,260 123 Finland 24,280 19 Nepal 210 195 Venezuela 3,530 81 France 24,210 20 Netherlands 24,780 17 Vietnam 350 173 Gabon 4,170 72 New Zealand 14,600 36 West Bank & Gaza 1,560 112 Gambia, The 340 176 Nicaragua 370 170 Yemen, Rep. 280 185 Georgia 970 136 Niger 200 198 Zambia 330 177 Zimbabwe 620 150 CRS-12 Table 3 Gross National Product Rankings (In billions of U.S. Dollars as of 1998) GNP Rank GNP Rank GNP Rank United States 7903 1 Uzbekistan 22.9 61 Zambia 3.2 128 Japan 4089.1 2 Belarus 22.3 62 Namibia 3.2 129 Germany 2179.8 3 Kazakhstan 20.9 63 Haiti 3.2 131 France 1465.4 4 Croatia 20.7 64 Cambodia 2.9 132 United Kingdom 1264.3 5 Uruguay 19.9 65 Albania 2.7 135 Italy 1157 6 Slovak Rep. 19.9 66 Mali 2.6 136 China 923.6 7 Slovenia 19.4 67 Macedonia, FYR 2.6 137 Brazil 767.6 8 Luxembourg 19.2 68 Burkina Faso 2.6 138 Canada 580.9 9 Tunisia 19.2 69 Tajikistan 2.3 140 Spain 555.2 10 Ecuador 18.5 70 Benin 2.3 141 India 427.4 11 Guatemala 17.8 71 Malawi 2.2 142 Korea, Rep. 398.8 12 Syrian Arab Rep. 15.5 74 Barbados 2.1 145 Netherlands 389.1 13 Sri Lanka 15.2 75 Niger 2 146 Australia 387 14 Lebanon 15 76 Congo, Rep. 1.9 149 Mexico 368.1 15 Dominican Rep. 14.6 77 Rwanda 1.9 150 Russian Federation 331.8 16 El Salvador 11.2 80 Kyrgyz Rep. 1.8 152 Argentina 290.3 17 Kenya 10.2 82 Nicaragua 1.8 153 Switzerland 284.1 18 Cote d'Ivoire 10.2 83 Fiji 1.7 154 Belgium 259 19 Bulgaria 10.1 84 Armenia 1.7 155 Sweden 226.5 20 Costa Rica 9.8 85 Chad 1.7 157 Austria 216.7 21 Lithuania 9.4 86 Moldova 1.7 158 Turkey 200.5 22 Paraguay 9.2 87 Lao PDR 1.6 159 Denmark 175.2 23 Cyprus 9 88 Togo 1.5 160 Hong Kong, China 158.2 24 Cameroon 8.7 89 Swaziland 1.4 162 Norway 152.1 25 Panama 8.3 90 Lesotho 1.2 164 Poland 151.3 26 Sudan 8.2 91 Central African Rep. 1.1 166 Saudi Arabia 143.4 27 Bolivia 8 93 Mauritania 1 167 South Africa 136.9 28 Iceland 7.6 95 Mongolia 1 168 Thailand 131.9 29 Ghana 7.3 96 Burundi 0.9 170 Indonesia 130.6 30 Zimbabwe 7.2 97 Eritrea 0.8 174 Finland 125.1 31 Tanzania 7.2 98 Sierra Leone 0.7 175 Greece 123.4 32 Uganda 6.6 99 Suriname 0.7 176 Portugal 106.4 33 Ethiopia 6.2 101 Guyana 0.7 179 Iran, Islamic Rep. 102.2 34 Latvia 5.9 102 Belize 0.6 180 Colombia 100.7 35 Trinidad and Tobago 5.8 103 Antigua & Barbuda 0.6 182 Israel 96.5 36 Congo, Dem. Rep. 5.4 104 St. Lucia 0.6 183 Singapore 95.5 37 Georgia 5.2 105 Seychelles 0.5 184 Venezuela 82.1 38 Jordan 5.3 106 Cape Verde 0.5 185 Malaysia 81.3 39 Gabon 4.9 107 Equatorial Guinea 0.5 187 Egypt, Arab Rep. 79.2 40 Bahrain 4.9 108 Gambia, The 0.4 189 Philippines 78.9 41 Nepal 4.9 109 Bhutan 0.4 190 Chile 73.9 42 Estonia 4.9 110 Solomon Islands 0.3 191 Ireland 69.3 43 Botswana 4.8 111 Grenada 0.3 192 Pakistan 61.5 44 Senegal 4.7 112 Maldives 0.3 193 Peru 60.5 45 Yemen, Rep. 4.6 114 St.Vincent & Grenadines 0.3 194 New Zealand 55.4 46 Angola 4.6 115 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.3 195 Czech Rep. 53 48 Honduras 4.6 116 Vanuatu 0.2 196 Ukraine 49.2 49 Jamaica 4.5 117 Dominica 0.2 197 United Arab Emirates 48.7 50 Mauritius 4.3 118 Micronesia, Fed. States 0.2 198 Algeria 46.4 51 West Bank and Gaza 4.3 119 Comoros 0.2 199 Hungary 45.6 52 Papua New Guinea 4.1 120 Guinea-Bissau 0.2 200 Bangladesh 44.2 53 Azerbaijan 3.8 123 Samoa 0.2 201 Nigeria 36.4 55 Malta 3.8 124 Tonga 0.2 202 Morocco 34.4 56 Guinea 3.8 125 Kiribati 0.1 203 Romania 30.6 59 Madagascar 3.7 126 Marshall Islands 0.1 204 Vietnam 26.5 60 Mozambique 3.5 127 Sao Tome & Principe 0.04 206 CRS-13 Table 4 Per Capita GNP Rankings (All figures in 1998 U.S. dollars) PC GNP Rank PC GNP Rank PC GNP Rank Luxembourg 45,100 1 Venezuela 3530 81 Guyana 780 141 Liechtenstein .. 2 Estonia 3360 82 Solomon Islands 760 144 Switzerland 39,980 3 South Africa 3310 83 China 750 145 Norway 34,310 4 Grenada 3250 84 Honduras 740 146 Bermuda .. 5 Turkey 3160 85 Cote d'Ivoire 700 147 Denmark 33,040 6 Dominica 3150 86 Congo, Rep. 680 148 Japan 32,350 7 Botswana 3070 87 Indonesia 640 149 Cayman Islands .. 8 Panama 2990 88 Zimbabwe 620 150 Singapore 30,170 9 Costa Rica 2770 89 Cameroon 610 152 United States 29,240 10 Belize 2660 90 Lesotho 570 153 Iceland 27,830 11 St. Vincent & 2560 91 Guinea 530 154 Austria 26,830 12 Lithuania 2540 92 Senegal 520 155 Germany 26,570 13 Colombia 2470 93 Azerbaijan 480 156 Sweden 25,580 14 Peru 2440 94 Pakistan 470 158 Belgium 25,380 15 Latvia 2420 95 Bhutan 470 158 Monaco .. 16 Russian Federation 2260 97 Armenia 460 160 Netherlands 24,780 17 Fiji 2210 98 India 440 161 Brunei .. 18 Belarus 2180 99 Mauritania 410 162 Finland 24,280 19 Thailand 2160 100 Haiti 410 162 France 24,210 20 Tunisia 2060 101 Ghana 390 164 Hong Kong, China 23,660 21 Namibia 1940 102 Mongolia 380 165 United Kingdom 21,410 22 El Salvador 1850 103 Moldova 380 165 Australia 20,640 23 Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 1800 104 Benin 380 165 Italy 20090 25 Dominican Rep. 1770 105 Angola 380 165 Canada 19170 26 Paraguay 1760 106 Kyrgyz Rep. 380 165 Ireland 18710 27 Tonga 1750 107 Tajikistan 370 170 United Arab Emirates 17870 28 Jamaica 1740 108 Comoros 370 170 Israel 16180 32 Suriname 1660 109 Nicaragua 370 170 New Zealand 14600 36 Iran, Islamic Rep. 1650 110 Vietnam 350 173 Spain 14100 39 Guatemala 1640 111 Bangladesh 350 173 Cyprus 11920 44 West Bank & Gaza 1560 112 Kenya 350 173 Greece 11740 46 Algeria 1550 113 Gambia, The 340 176 Portugal 10670 48 Marshall Islands 1540 114 Togo 330 177 Malta 10100 49 Ecuador 1520 116 Zambia 330 177 Slovenia 9780 50 Swaziland 1400 118 Lao PDR 320 179 Korea, Rep. 8600 51 Romania 1360 119 Uganda 310 180 Antigua & Barbuda 8450 52 Kazakhstan 1340 120 Nigeria 300 181 Argentina 8030 55 Macedonia, FYR 1290 121 Central African Rep. 300 181 Bahrain 7640 58 Egypt, Arab Rep. 1290 121 Sudan 290 183 Saudi Arabia 6910 60 Vanuatu 1260 123 Yemen, Rep. 280 185 Seychelles 6420 62 Morocco 1240 124 Sao Tome & Principe 270 186 St. Kitts and Nevis 6190 63 Bulgaria 1220 125 Cambodia 260 187 Uruguay 6070 64 Cape Verde 1200 126 Madagascar 260 187 Czech Rep. 5150 65 Kiribati 1170 127 Mali 250 189 Chile 4990 66 Jordan 1150 128 Burkina Faso 240 191 Brazil 4630 68 Maldives 1130 129 Rwanda 230 192 Croatia 4620 69 Equatorial Guinea 1110 130 Chad 230 192 Trinidad and Tobago 4520 70 Samoa 1070 131 Tanzania 220 194 Hungary 4510 71 Philippines 1050 132 Malawi 210 195 Gabon 4170 72 Syrian Arab Rep. 1020 133 Nepal 210 195 Poland 3910 74 Bolivia 1010 134 Mozambique 210 195 Mexico 3840 75 Ukraine 980 135 Niger 200 198 Mauritius 3730 76 Georgia 970 136 Eritrea 200 198 Slovak Rep. 3700 77 Uzbekistan 950 137 Guinea-Bissau 160 201 Malaysia 3670 78 Papua New Guinea 890 138 Burundi 140 202 St. Lucia 3660 79 Sri Lanka 810 139 Sierra Leone 140 202 Lebanon 3560 80 Albania 810 139 Congo, Dem. Rep. 110 205 Ethiopia 100 206 CRS-14 Table 5 Purchasing Power Parity Per Capita GNP Rankings (In 1998 international dollars) PPP Rank PPP Rank PPP Rank GNP GNP GNP Luxembourg 36703 1 Turkey 6594 79 Kyrgyz Rep. 2247 143 Liechtenstein .. 2 Brazil 6460 80 Bolivia 2205 146 Bermuda .. 3 Belarus 6314 81 Papua New Guinea 2205 147 United States 29240 4 Lithuania 6283 82 Lesotho 2194 148 Cayman Islands .. 5 Russian Federation 6180 83 Azerbaijan 2168 149 Switzerland 26876 6 Colombia 5861 84 Armenia 2074 150 Norway 26196 7 Costa Rica 5812 85 India 2060 151 Singapore 25295 8 Botswana 5796 86 Uzbekistan 2044 152 Monaco .. 9 Latvia 5777 87 Moldova 1995 153 Brunei 24886 10 Venezuela 5706 88 Solomon Islands 1904 155 Iceland 24774 11 Gabon 5615 89 Nicaragua 1896 156 Denmark 23855 12 Romania 5572 90 Ghana 1735 157 Belgium 23622 13 Grenada 5557 91 Guinea 1722 158 Japan 23592 14 Thailand 5524 92 Vietnam 1689 159 Austria 23145 15 Namibia 5280 93 Lao PDR 1683 160 Malta 22901 16 Tunisia 5169 94 Pakistan 1652 161 Canada 22814 17 Iran, Islamic Rep. 5121 95 Mauritania 1500 163 Netherlands 22325 18 Panama 4925 96 Cote d'Ivoire 1484 164 Germany 22026 19 St. Lucia 4897 97 Mongolia 1463 165 Australia 21795 20 Dominica 4777 99 Bhutan 1438 166 France 21214 22 Bulgaria 4683 100 Gambia, The 1428 167 Hong Kong, China 20763 23 Algeria 4595 101 Bangladesh 1407 168 Finland 20641 24 St. Vincent & 4484 102 Comoros 1400 169 Italy 20365 25 Belize 4367 103 Cameroon 1395 170 United Kingdom 20314 26 Dominican Rep. 4337 104 Haiti 1379 171 Sweden 19848 27 Kazakhstan 4317 105 Togo 1352 172 United Arab Emirates 18871 31 Paraguay 4312 106 Senegal 1297 173 Ireland 17991 33 Macedonia, FYR 4224 107 Sao Tome & Principe 1289 174 Cyprus 17599 36 Swaziland 4195 108 Cambodia 1246 175 Israel 16861 38 Tonga 4187 109 Sudan 1240 176 New Zealand 16084 41 Peru 4180 110 Nepal 1181 177 Spain 15960 43 Lebanon 4144 111 Central African Rep. 1098 179 Portugal 14569 46 Fiji 4094 112 Uganda 1072 180 Slovenia 14400 48 El Salvador 4008 114 Tajikistan 1041 181 Greece 13994 49 Kiribati 3880 115 Angola 999 183 Bahamas, The 13990 50 Samoa 3854 116 Eritrea 984 184 Korea, Rep. 13286 51 Philippines 3725 118 Kenya 964 186 Czech Rep. 12197 52 Guatemala 3474 122 Burkina Faso 866 188 Argentina 11728 53 Maldives 3436 123 Benin 857 189 Bahrain 11556 55 Georgia 3429 124 Congo, Rep. 846 190 Saudi Arabia 10498 60 Jamaica 3344 126 Chad 843 191 Seychelles 10185 62 Cape Verde 3192 127 Madagascar 741 192 Hungary 9832 63 Morocco 3188 128 Mozambique 740 193 St. Kitts and Nevis 9790 64 Egypt, Arab Rep. 3146 129 Nigeria 740 194 Slovak Rep. 9624 65 Guyana 3139 130 Congo, Dem. Rep. 733 195 Antigua and Barbuda 8890 66 Ukraine 3130 131 Niger 729 196 Uruguay 8541 67 China 3051 132 Zambia 678 198 Chile 8507 68 Ecuador 3003 133 Mali 673 199 South Africa 8296 69 Sri Lanka 2945 134 Yemen, Rep. 658 200 Mauritius 8236 70 Vanuatu 2892 135 Guinea-Bissau 573 201 Malaysia 7699 72 Albania 2864 137 Ethiopia 566 202 Estonia 7563 73 Syrian Arab Rep. 2702 138 Burundi 561 203 Poland 7543 74 Jordan 2615 139 Malawi 551 204 Mexico 7450 75 Zimbabwe 2489 140 Tanzania 483 205 Trinidad and Tobago 7208 76 Indonesia 2407 141 Sierra Leone 445 206 Croatia 6698 78 Honduras 2338 142 CRS-15 Table 6 Comparison of Various Measures GNP Per Capita GNP Per Capita PPP GNP Rank ($US Billions - 1998) Rank ($US Thousands - 1998) Rank ($Int'l. Thousands - 1998) 1 United States 7903.0 1 Luxembourg 45,100 1 Luxembourg 36,703 2 Japan 4089.1 2 Liechtenstein .. 2 Liechtenstein* .. 3 Germany 2179.8 3 Switzerland 39,980 3 Bermuda* .. 4 France 1465.4 4 Norway 34,310 4 United States 29,240 5 United Kingdom 1264.3 5 Bermuda* .. 5 Cayman Islands* .. 6 Italy 1157.0 6 Denmark 33,040 6 Switzerland 26,876 7 China 923.6 7 Japan 32,350 7 Norway 26,196 8 Brazil 767.6 8 Cayman Islands* .. 8 Singapore 25,295 9 Canada 580.9 9 Singapore 30,170 9 Monaco* .. 10 Spain 555.2 10 United States 29,240 10 Brunei 24,886 11 India 427.4 11 Iceland 27,830 11 Iceland 24,774 12 Korea, Rep. 398.8 12 Austria 26,830 12 Denmark 23,855 13 Netherlands 389.1 13 Germany 26,570 13 Belgium 23,622 14 Australia 387.0 14 Sweden 25,580 14 Japan 23,592 15 Mexico 368.1 15 Belgium 25,380 15 Austria 23,145 16 Russia 331.8 16 Monaco* .. 16 Malta 22,901 17 Argentina 290.3 17 Netherlands 24,780 17 Canada 22,814 18 Switzerland 284.1 18 Brunei .. 18 Netherlands 22,325 19 Belgium 259.0 19 Finland 24,280 19 Germany 22,026 20 Sweden 226.5 20 France 24,210 20 Australia 21,795 * Indicates that the World Bank does not have reliable data for this country, but ranks it in an estimated position. GNP Per Capita GNP Per Capita PPP GNP U. S. Luxembourg Luxembourg Japan Liechtenstein* Liechtenstein* Germany Switzerland Bermuda* France Norway U. S. U. K. Bermuda* Cayman Is.* Italy Denmark Switzerland China Japan Norway Brazil Cayman Is.* Singapore Canada Singapore Monaco* Spain U. S. Brunei India Iceland Iceland Korea, Rep. Austria Denmark Netherlands Germany Belgium Australia Sweden Japan Mexico Belgium Austria Russia Monaco* Malta Argentina Netherlands Canada Switzerland Brunei* Netherlands Belgium Finland Germany Sweden France Australia 0 4000 8000 25 50 0 20 40 1998 U.S. Dollars (Billions) 1998 U.S. Dollars (Thousands) 1998 Intl Dollars (Thousands) CRS-16 Table 7 Human Development Index Rankings Canada 0.935 1 Panama 0.776 59 Mongolia 0.628 117 Norway 0.934 2 Bulgaria 0.772 60 Vanuatu 0.623 118 United States 0.929 3 Malaysia 0.772 61 Egypt 0.623 119 Australia 0.929 4 Russian Federation 0.771 62 Guatemala 0.619 120 Iceland 0.927 5 Latvia 0.771 63 Solomon Islands 0.614 121 Sweden 0.926 6 Romania 0.770 64 Botswana 0.593 122 Belgium 0.925 7 Venezuela 0.770 65 Gabon 0.592 123 Netherlands 0.925 8 Fiji 0.769 66 Morocco 0.589 124 Japan 0.924 9 Suriname 0.766 67 Myanmar 0.585 125 United Kingdom 0.918 10 Colombia 0.764 68 Iraq 0.583 126 Finland 0.917 11 Macedonia, FYR 0.763 69 Lesotho 0.569 127 France 0.917 12 Georgia 0.762 70 India 0.563 128 Switzerland 0.915 13 Mauritius 0.761 71 Ghana 0.556 129 Germany 0.911 14 Libya 0.760 72 Zimbabwe 0.555 130 Denmark 0.911 15 Kazakhstan 0.754 73 Equatorial Guinea 0.555 131 Austria 0.908 16 Brazil 0.747 74 Sao Tome & Principe 0.547 132 Luxembourg 0.908 17 Saudi Arabia 0.747 75 Papua New Guinea 0.542 133 Ireland 0.907 18 Thailand 0.745 76 Cameroon 0.528 134 Italy 0.903 19 Philippines 0.744 77 Pakistan 0.522 135 New Zealand 0.903 20 Ukraine 0.744 78 Cambodia 0.512 136 Spain 0.899 21 St. Vincent & 0.738 79 Comoros 0.510 137 Cyprus 0.886 22 Peru 0.737 80 Kenya 0.508 138 Israel 0.883 23 Paraguay 0.736 81 Congo 0.507 139 Singapore 0.881 24 Lebanon 0.735 82 Lao PDR 0.484 140 Greece 0.875 25 Jamaica 0.735 83 Madagascar 0.483 141 Hong Kong 0.872 26 Sri Lanka 0.733 84 Bhutan 0.483 142 Malta 0.865 27 Turkey 0.732 85 Sudan 0.477 143 Portugal 0.864 28 Oman 0.730 86 Nepal 0.474 144 Slovenia 0.861 29 Dominican Republic 0.729 87 Togo 0.471 145 Barbados 0.858 30 St. Lucia 0.728 88 Bangladesh 0.461 146 Korea, Rep. 0.854 31 Maldives 0.725 89 Mauritania 0.451 147 Brunei Darussalam 0.848 32 Azerbaijan 0.722 90 Yemen 0.448 148 Bahamas 0.844 33 Ecuador 0.722 91 Djibouti 0.447 149 Czech Rep. 0.843 34 Jordan 0.721 92 Haiti 0.440 150 Argentina 0.837 35 Armenia 0.721 93 Zambia 0.439 151 Kuwait 0.836 36 Albania 0.713 94 Nigeria 0.430 152 Antigua and Barbuda 0.833 37 Samoa (Western) 0.711 95 Congo, Dem. Rep. 0.420 153 Chile 0.826 38 Guyana 0.709 96 Zambia 0.420 154 Uruguay 0.825 39 Iran 0.709 97 Cote d'Ivoire 0.416 155 Slovakia 0.825 40 Kyrgyz Rep. 0.706 98 Tanzania 0.415 156 Bahrain 0.820 41 China 0.706 99 Benin 0.411 157 Qatar 0.819 42 Turkmenistan 0.704 100 Uganda 0.409 158 Hungary 0.817 43 Tunisia 0.703 101 Eritrea 0.408 159 Poland 0.814 44 Moldova 0.700 102 Angola 0.405 160 United Arab Emirates 0.810 45 South Africa 0.697 103 Gambia 0.396 161 Estonia 0.801 46 El Salvador 0.696 104 Guinea 0.394 162 St. Kitts and Nevis 0.798 47 Cape Verde 0.688 105 Malawi 0.385 163 Costa Rica 0.797 48 Uzbekistan 0.686 106 Rwanda 0.382 164 Croatia 0.795 49 Algeria 0.683 107 Mali 0.380 165 Trinidad and Tobago 0.793 50 Viet Nam 0.671 108 Central African 0.371 166 Dominica 0.793 51 Indonesia 0.670 109 Chad 0.367 167 Lithuania 0.789 52 Tajikistan 0.663 110 Mozambique 0.341 168 Seychelles 0.786 53 Syrian Arab Rep. 0.660 111 Guinea-Bissau 0.331 169 Grenada 0.785 54 Swaziland 0.655 112 Burundi 0.321 170 Mexico 0.784 55 Honduras 0.653 113 Ethiopia 0.309 171 Cuba 0.783 56 Bolivia 0.643 114 Burkina Faso 0.303 172 Belarus 0.781 57 Namibia 0.632 115 Niger 0.293 173 Belize 0.777 58 Nicaragua 0.631 116 Sierra Leone 0.252 174 CRS-17 Sources for Statistical Tables Source for Tables 1 and 3: World Bank. 2000. 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (Total GNP 1998, Atlas method). Available at <[http://www.worldbank.org/data/] databytopic/databytopic.html#MACROECONOMICS AND GROWTH>. Source for Tables 2, 4, and 5: World Bank. 2000. 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (GNP per capita 1998, Atlas method and PPP). Available at [http://www.worldbank.org/data/]databytopic/databytopic.html#MACROECONOMIC S AND GROWTH] Source for Table 6: Compiled from: World Bank. 2000. 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (Total GNP 1998, Atlas method). Available at [http://www.worldbank.org/data/] databytopic/databytopic.html#MACROECONOMICS AND GROWTH>. World Bank. 2000. 2000 World Development Indicators CD-ROM (GNP per capita 1998, Atlas method and PPP). Available at <[http://www.worldbank.org/data/]databytopic/databytopic.html#MACROECONOMI CS AND GROWTH>. Note: Rankings in the above tables include 206 countries. These tables show only those countries with World Bank confirmed 1998 data or which the World Bank estimates to be in the top twenty in the category in question. The World Bank uses the Atlas Method (described in the World Bank's World Development Report 1999/2000, pp. 287-288) to convert GNP figures from local currencies to US dollars. Source for Table 7: United Nations Development Programme. 1999. Human Development Report 1999. New York: Oxford University Press. CRS-18 Appendix A. Acronyms and Abbreviations GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product HDI Human Development Index PPP GNP Purchasing Power Parity per capita Gross National Product UNDP United Nations Development Programme ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL30668