For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL30297 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Order Code RL30297 Congressional Budget Resolutions: Selected Statistics and Information Guide Updated February 26, 2008 Bill Heniff Jr. Analyst on the Congress and Legislative Process Government and Finance Division Justin Murray Information Research Specialist Knowledge Services Group Congressional Budget Resolutions: Selected Statistics and Information Guide Summary The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344, 88 Stat. 297- 332), as amended, establishes the concurrent resolution on the budget as the centerpiece of the congressional budget process. The annual budget resolution is an agreement between the House and Senate on a budget plan for the upcoming fiscal year and at least the following four fiscal years. As a concurrent resolution, it is not presented to the President for his signature and thus does not become law. The budget resolution, however, provides the framework for subsequent legislative action on budgetary legislation during each congressional session. Congress has adopted 37 budget resolutions during the 33 years that the congressional budget process has been in effect. At least one budget resolution has been adopted every year except 1998 (for FY1999), 2002 (for FY2003), 2004 (for FY2005), and 2006 (for FY2007). A second budget resolution was adopted in each of the first seven years and a third budget resolution was adopted in one year (for FY1977). Since 1982, Congress has adopted only one budget resolution for each fiscal year. Congress initially was required to cover only the upcoming fiscal year in the budget resolution, but over the years Congress has expanded this time frame. Currently, the budget resolution must include at least five fiscal years. The budget resolution may include reconciliation directives, instructing one or more committees to recommend legislative changes to meet the direct spending and revenue levels included in the budget resolution. In the past 33 years, Congress included reconciliation directives in 20 budget resolutions. Pursuant to these directives, 19 reconciliation measures have been enacted. On four occasions (in 1982, 1986, 1997, and 2006), Congress adopted two reconciliation measures in one year. Four reconciliation measures have been vetoed, in 1975, 1995, 1999, and 2000. During the past 33 years, the House has considered and adopted fewer amendments to the budget resolution than the Senate. The House has considered, on average, six amendments per budget resolution. For more than two decades, the House has considered the budget resolutions under special rules that generally have made in order only amendments in the nature of a substitute. In all but one year, the House has rejected all such amendments. In contrast, the Senate has considered, on average, 44 amendments per budget resolution, adopting, on average, 22 of these. Congress originally was required to complete action on the budget resolution by May 15 of each year; this deadline was changed to April 15 beginning with the FY1987 budget resolution. The budget resolution deadline has been met only six times during the past 33 years, most recently in 2003 with the FY2004 budget resolution. Budget resolutions have been adopted, on average, more than 33 days after the deadline. This report will be updated as warranted. Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Formulation of the Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Content of the Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Source of Economic Assumptions Associated with Budget Levels in the Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Number of Years Covered by the Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Consideration and Adoption of the Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Amendments to the Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Timing of Action on the Budget Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Appendix A. Modifications to the Procedures and Requirements Pertaining to the Formulation, Content, and Consideration of the Budget Resolution . . . 16 Appendix B. U.S. Statutes-at-Large Citations of Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Appendix C. Budget Resolutions Rejected in the House, FY1976-FY2008 . . . 22 Appendix D. Committee Reports to Budget Resolutions, FY1976- FY2008 . . . 23 Appendix E. Selected Components Included in Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Appendix F. Budget Resolutions and Associated Reconciliation Acts, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Appendix G. Source of Economic Assumptions Associated with Budget Levels in Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Appendix H. Number of Years Covered by Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Appendix I. Special Rules Providing for the Consideration of Budget Resolutions in the House, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Appendix J. Number of Amendments to Budget Resolutions Considered in the House, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Appendix K. Amendments in the Nature of a Substitute to Budget Resolutions Made in Order by a Special Rule in the House, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . 41 Appendix L. Number of Amendments to Budget Resolutions Considered in the Senate, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Appendix M. Timing of House Action on Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Appendix N. Timing of Senate Action on Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 List of Figures Figure 1. Number of Days Before or After Deadline That Action on the Annual Budget Resolution Was Completed, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . 15 List of Tables Table 1. Congressional Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Table 2. Dates of Final Adoption of the Annual Budget Resolution, FY1976-FY2008 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Congressional Budget Resolutions: Selected Statistics and Information Guide Introduction The Congressional Budget Act of 1974 (Titles I-IX of P.L. 93-344, 88 Stat. 297- 332), as amended, establishes the concurrent resolution on the budget as the centerpiece of the congressional budget process. The annual budget resolution is an agreement between the House and Senate on a budget plan for the upcoming fiscal year and at least the following four fiscal years. As a concurrent resolution, it is not presented to the President for his signature and thus does not become law. The budget resolution, however, provides the framework for subsequent legislative action on the annual appropriations bills, revenue measures, debt-limit legislation, reconciliation legislation, and any other budgetary legislation. This report provides current and historical information on the budget resolution. It provides a list of the budget resolutions adopted and rejected by Congress since implementation of the Budget Act, including the U.S. Statutes-at-Large citations and committee report numbers, and describes their formulation and content. The report provides a table of selected optional components, a list of reconciliation measures, and information on the number of years covered by budget resolutions. It also provides information on the consideration and adoption of budget resolutions, including an identification of the House special rules that provided for consideration of budget resolutions; the amendments in the nature of a substitute to the budget resolution considered in the House; the number and disposition of House and Senate amendments to budget resolutions; and dates of House and Senate action on budget resolutions. Congress has modified the congressional budget process several times since it was first established in 1974. Appendix A identifies laws and budget resolutions that modified the procedures and requirements pertaining to the formulation, content, and consideration of the budget resolution. As originally enacted, the Budget Act required that Congress adopt two budget resolutions each year. The first budget resolution, which was to be adopted by May 15, was advisory in nature. The second budget resolution, which was to be adopted by September 15 (about two weeks before the beginning of the fiscal year), was binding. The second budget resolution revised or reaffirmed the first budget resolution by taking into account budget and economic changes in the months since the first resolution. Additional budget resolutions could be adopted at any time. The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Title II of P.L. 99-177, 99 Stat. 1038-1101) eliminated the requirement for a second budget CRS-2 resolution beginning in FY1987. For several preceding years, for FY1983-FY1986, Congress did not adopt a second budget resolution, but instead included a provision in the first budget resolution that made the spending and revenue totals in it binding automatically as of the beginning of the fiscal year. During the 33 years that the congressional budget process has been in effect, Congress has adopted 37 budget resolutions. At least one budget resolution has been adopted every year except 1998 (for FY1999), 2002 (for FY2003), 2004 (for FY2005), and 2006 (for FY2007).1 Congress also adopted a second budget resolution in seven of the 32 years. In two of these years (1979 for FY1980 and 1981 for FY1982), the House adopted the Senate version of the second budget resolution rather than adopting its own; no conference report, therefore, was necessary for these budget resolutions. In 1977, Congress adopted a third budget resolution for FY1977, further revising the previous first and second budget resolutions for FY1977. Table 1 lists all budget resolutions adopted by Congress, with the House and Senate votes on initial passage and adoption of the conference report. The U.S. Statutes-at-Large citations for adopted budget resolutions are listed in Appendix B. (Although concurrent resolutions such as budget resolutions have no statutory authority, they are compiled in a special section of the U.S. Statutes-at-Large.) Appendix C lists the budget resolutions rejected in the House. No budget resolutions were rejected in the Senate. 1 In the absence of an agreed-upon budget resolution, the House (for FY1999, FY2003, FY2005 and FY2007) and Senate (for FY1999, FY2005, and FY2007) each have agreed to "deeming resolution" provisions for budget enforcement purposes. For further information on "deeming resolution" provisions, see CRS Report RL31443, The "Deeming Resolution": A Budget Enforcement Tool, by Robert Keith. CRS-3 Table 1. Congressional Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 Initial Passage Conference Report Budget Resolution Congress Fiscal Year Typea House Vote Senate Vote House Vote Senate Vote (companion measure) 94th 1976 H.Con.Res. 218 (S.Con.Res. 32) first 200-196 69-22 230-193 voice H.Con.Res. 466 (S.Con.Res. 76) second 225-191 69-23 189-187 74-19 1977 S.Con.Res. 109 (H.Con.Res. 611) first 221-155 62-22 224-170 65-29 S.Con.Res. 139 (H.Con.Res. 728) second 227-151 55-23 234-143 66-20 95th 1977 S.Con.Res. 10 (H.Con.Res. 110) third 239-169 72-20 226-173 voice 1978 S.Con.Res. 19 (H.Con.Res. 214) first 213-179 56-31 221-177 54-23 H.Con.Res. 341 (S.Con.Res. 43) second 199-188 63-21 215-187 68-21 1979 S.Con.Res. 80 (H.Con.Res. 559) first 201-197 64-27 201-198 voice H.Con.Res. 683 (S.Con.Res. 104) second 217-178 56-18 225-162 47-7 96th 1980 H.Con.Res. 107 (S.Con.Res. 22) first 220-184 64-20 202-196 72-17 S.Con.Res. 53 (H.Con.Res. 186)b second 206-186 57-20 -- -- 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 (S.Con.Res. 86) first 225-193c 68-28 205-195 61-26 241-174 H.Con.Res. 448 (S.Con.Res. 119) second 203-191 48-46 voice 50-38 CRS-4 Initial Passage Conference Report Budget Resolution Congress Fiscal Year Typea House Vote Senate Vote House Vote Senate Vote (companion measure) 97th 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 (S.Con.Res. 19) first 270-154 78-20 244-155 76-20 S.Con.Res. 50 (H.Con.Res. 230)d second 206-200 49-48 -- -- 1983 S.Con.Res. 92 (H.Con.Res. 352) -- 219-206 49-43 210-208 51-45 98th 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 (S.Con.Res. 27) -- 229-196 50-49 239-186 51-43 1985 H.Con.Res. 280 (S.Con.Res. 106) -- 250-168 41-34 232-162 voice th 99 1986 S.Con.Res. 32 (H.Con.Res. 152) -- 258-170 voice 309-119 67-32 1987 S.Con.Res. 120 (H.Con.Res. 337) -- 245-179 70-25 333-43 voice 100th 1988 H.Con.Res. 93 (S.Con.Res. 49) -- voice 56-42 215-201 53-46 1989 H.Con.Res. 268 (S.Con.Res. 113) -- 319-102 69-26 201-181 58-29 st 101 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 (S.Con.Res. 30) -- 263-157 68-31 241-185 63-37 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 (S.Con.Res. 110) -- 218-208 voice 250-164 66-33 102nd 1992 H.Con.Res. 121 (S.Con.Res. 29) -- 261-163 voice 239-181 57-41 1993 H.Con.Res. 287 (S.Con.Res. 106) -- 215-201e voice 209-207 52-41 224-191 103rd 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 (S.Con.Res. 18) -- 243-183 54-45 240-184 55-45 1995 H.Con.Res. 218 (S.Con.Res. 63) -- 223-175 57-40 220-183 53-46 CRS-5 Initial Passage Conference Report Budget Resolution Congress Fiscal Year Typea House Vote Senate Vote House Vote Senate Vote (companion measure) 104th 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 (S.Con.Res. 13) -- 238-193 57-42 239-194 54-46 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 (S.Con.Res. 57) -- 226-195 53-46 216-211 53-46 th 105 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 (S.Con.Res. 27) -- 333-99 78-22 327-97 76-22 1999f H.Con.Res. 284 (S.Con.Res. 86) -- 216-204 57-41 -- -- 106th 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 (S.Con.Res. 20) -- 221-208 55-44 220-208 54-44 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 (S.Con.Res. 101) -- 211-207 51-45 220-208 50-48 107th 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 (no companion measure)g -- 222-205 63-35 221-207 53-47 h 2003 H.Con.Res. 353 (S.Con.Res. 100) -- 221-209 -- -- -- 108th 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 (S.Con.Res. 23) -- 215-212 56-44 216-211 51-50 2005i S.Con.Res. 95 (H.Con.Res. 393) -- 215-212 51-45 216-213 -- 109th 2006 H.Con.Res 95 (S.Con.Res 18) -- 218-214 51-49 214-211 52-47 2007j H.Con.Res. 376 (S.Con.Res. 83) -- 218-210 51-49 -- -- th 110 2008 S.Con.Res. 21 (H.Con.Res. 99) -- 216-210 52-47 214-209 52-40 Source: Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov]. a. "Type" refers to whether the budget resolution was the first, second, or third for the fiscal year. For the first seven years of the congressional budget process, Congress adopted multiple budget resolutions each year. Since the FY1983 budget resolution, Congress has adopted only one a year. CRS-6 b. The House rejected its version of the budget resolution (see Appendix C of this report) and adopted the Senate's version of the budget resolution; no conference report was necessary. c. The question was divided, with separate votes on sections 1-5 and 7, and on section 6 (revised FY1980 budget resolution). d. The House laid its version of the budget resolution on the table by unanimous consent and adopted the Senate's version of the budget resolution; no conference report was necessary. e. The question was divided, with separate votes on sections 1, 2 and 4, and on section 3 (revised the spending and revenue levels if certain legislation was not enacted into law before conferees on the budget resolution were appointed). f. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY1999. In the absence of a budget resolution, the House agreed to H.Res. 477 on June 19, 1998, and H.Res. 5 on Jan. 6, 1999, both deeming the budget levels contained in the House-adopted FY1999 budget resolution (H.Con.Res. 284) generally to have been adopted by Congress, for budget enforcement purposes. Likewise, the Senate agreed to S.Res. 209 on Apr. 2, 1998, and S.Res. 312 on Oct. 21, 1998, both setting forth budget levels to be enforced as if they were included in a budget resolution agreed to by Congress. g. The Senate Budget Committee did not mark up or report a budget resolution for FY2002. Instead, the Senate considered the House-passed budget resolution after the Senate Budget Committee was discharged from its consideration. h. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2003. In the absence of a budget resolution, the House agreed to H.Res. 428 on May 22, 2002, and H.Res. 5 on Jan. 7, 2003, deeming the House-adopted FY2003 budget resolution (H.Con.Res. 353, 107th Congress) to have been adopted by Congress, for budget enforcement purposes. The Senate did not take similar action. i. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2005. The House agreed to the conference report to S.Con.Res. 95 (H.Rept. 108-498) on May 19, 2004, but the Senate never considered it. In the absence of a budget resolution, the House included a provision (Section 2) in the special rule (H.Res. 649) governing the consideration of the conference report to S.Con.Res. 95 "deeming" the conference report to have been agreed to by Congress. The Senate included a provision (Section 14007) in the Defense Appropriations Act, 2005 (P.L. 108-287) setting forth the FY2005 spending allocations for the Senate Appropriations Committee. j. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2007. In the absence of a budget resolution, the House agreed to a provision in the special rule (Section 2 of H. Res. 818) governing the consideration of the FY2007 Interior Appropriations Act, (H.R. 5286) "deeming" the House-passed FY2007 budget resolution (H.Con.Res. 376) to have been agreed to by Congress. The Senate included a provision (section 7035) in the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, the Global War on Terror, and Hurricane Recovery, 2006, (P.L. 109-234) setting forth the FY2007 spending allocations for the Senate Appropriations Committee. CRS-7 Formulation and Content of the Budget Resolution Formulation of the Budget Resolution Following the submission of the President's budget in January or February, Congress begins formulating its budget resolution. The House and Senate Budget Committees are responsible for developing and reporting the budget resolution. Within six weeks after the President's budget submission, each House and Senate committee is required to submit its "views and estimates" relating to budget matters under their jurisdiction to their respective Budget Committee (Section 301(d) of the Budget Act). These views and estimates, often submitted in the form of a letter to the chair and ranking Member of the Budget Committee, typically include comments on the President's budget proposals and estimates of the budgetary impact of any legislation likely to be considered during the current session of Congress. The Budget Committees are not bound by these recommendations. The views and estimates often are printed in the committee report accompanying the resolution in the Senate or compiled in a separate committee print in the House. The budget resolution was designed to provide a framework to make budget decisions, leaving specific program determinations to the Appropriations Committees and other committees with spending and revenue jurisdiction. In many instances, however, particular program changes are considered when formulating the budget resolution. Program assumptions are sometimes referred to in the reports of the Budget Committees or may be discussed during floor action. Although these program changes are not binding, committees may be strongly influenced by these recommendations when formulating appropriations bills, reconciliation measures, or other budgetary legislation. Appendix D provides a list of the House, Senate, and conference reports to the first budget resolutions adopted by Congress each year. Content of the Budget Resolution Section 301(a) of the Budget Act requires that the budget resolution include the following matters for the upcoming fiscal year and at least the ensuing four fiscal years: ! aggregate levels of new budget authority, outlays, the budget surplus or deficit, and the public debt; ! aggregate levels of federal revenues and the amount, if any, by which the aggregate levels of federal revenues should be increased or decreased by legislative action; ! amounts of new budget authority and outlays for each of the major functional categories; and CRS-8 ! for purposes of Senate enforcement procedures, Social Security outlays and revenues (although these amounts are not included in the budget surplus or deficit totals due to their off-budget status). In addition to the content required by the Budget Act, Section 301(b) lists several other matters that may be included in the budget resolution. Appendix E provides a table indicating selected components included in first budget resolutions for FY1976-FY2008. The most important of the optional matters is the inclusion of reconciliation directives provided by Section 310 of the Budget Act. Budget reconciliation is an optional two-step process Congress may use to bring direct spending, revenue, and debt-limit levels into compliance with those set forth in budget resolutions.2 In order to accomplish this, Congress first includes reconciliation directives in a budget resolution directing one or more committees in each chamber to recommend changes in statute to achieve the levels of direct spending, revenues, debt limit, or a combination thereof, agreed to in the budget resolution. The legislative language recommended by committees then is packaged "without any substantive revision" into one or more reconciliation bills, as set forth in the budget resolution, by the House and Senate Budget Committees. In some instances, a committee may be required to report its legislative recommendations directly to its chamber. Once the Budget Committees, or individual committees if so directed, report reconciliation legislation to their respective chambers, consideration is governed by special procedures.3 These special rules serve to limit what may be included in reconciliation legislation, to prohibit certain amendments, and to encourage its completion in a timely fashion. During the 33-year period since the congressional budget process was established, Congress has included reconciliation directives to House and Senate committees in 20 budget resolutions.4 The directives resulted in the enactment of 19 2 For a more detailed discussion of the reconciliation process, see CRS Report RL33030, The Reconciliation Process: House and Senate Procedures, by Robert Keith and Bill Heniff Jr. 3 For a brief summary of these procedures, see CRS Report 98-814, Budget Reconciliation Legislation: Development and Consideration, by Bill Heniff Jr. 4 The number (19) of budget resolutions containing reconciliation directives includes the FY1976 second budget resolution (H.Con.Res. 466). There has been an ongoing controversy about whether the directive in this budget resolution was a reconciliation directive as set forth in Section 310 of the Congressional Budget Act. The Senate treated it as such and considered the resultant legislation (H.R. 5559, as reported by the Senate Finance Committee, 94th Congress) under the reconciliation procedures. The House did not, however, consider and adopt its version of the resultant legislation as a reconciliation measure, and thus it presumably did not consider the directive as a reconciliation directive. See Floyd M. Riddick and Alan S. Frumin, Riddick's Senate Procedure: Precedents and Practices (Rev. ed.), S.Doc. 101-28, 101st Cong., 1st sess. (Washington: GPO, 1992), pp. 622-623. The legislation subsequently was adopted by the Senate and House but was vetoed by the President. For further information on these directives, see (1) CRS Congressional (continued...) CRS-9 reconciliation measures. On four occasions (in 1982, 1986, 1997, and 2006), Congress adopted two reconciliation measures in one year. Four reconciliation measures have been vetoed, in 1975, 1995, 1999, and 2000. Appendix F lists the budget resolutions that contained reconciliation directives and the associated reconciliation acts. Beginning with the FY1981 budget resolution, Congress also included amounts for federal credit activities. The 1985 Balanced Budget Act permanently required the inclusion of aggregate and functional levels of direct loan obligations and primary loan guarantee commitments in budget resolutions. The inclusion of federal credit levels, however, was made optional by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1997 (Title X of P.L. 105-33; 111 Stat. 677-712). Of the 27 first budget resolutions adopted by Congress, 18 budget resolutions included federal credit amounts. Another optional component of budget resolutions has been the inclusion of reserve funds. The reserve fund provisions generally provide for the revision of budget resolution aggregates, functional allocations, and committee allocations if certain deficit-neutral legislation is enacted or some other condition is met. Over the last decade, Congress often has included several reserve funds in budget resolutions (as indicated in Appendix E). For instance, the FY2008 budget resolution (S.Con.Res. 21, 110th Congress) included 23 reserve funds. In recent years, declaratory statements increasingly have been included in budget resolutions. These nonbinding statements express the sense of Congress, the sense of the House, or the sense of the Senate on various issues. As indicated in Appendix E, Congress has included, on average, 22 declaratory statements in the last 11 budget resolutions (not including budget resolutions for FY1999, FY2003, FY2005, and FY2007 because Congress did not complete action on these measures) but only, on average, about two and a half declaratory statements in the first 18 budget resolutions. The annual budget resolution also may require a deferred enrollment procedure (see Section 301(b)(3) of the Budget Act), under which all or certain bills providing new budget authority or new entitlement authority for the upcoming fiscal year cannot be enrolled until Congress has completed action on a reconciliation measure (or, prior to FY1987, a reconciliation measure or the second budget resolution). Budget resolutions for FY1981, FY1982, FY1983, and FY1984 contained deferred enrollment provisions.5 Lastly, Congress has included several other procedural provisions in budget resolutions. Under Section 301(b)(4) of the Budget Act, the so-called elastic clause, 4 (...continued) distribution memorandum, Reconciliation Directives to House Committees in Budget Resolutions for FY1976-FY2005, by Bill Heniff Jr.; and (2) CRS Congressional distribution memorandum, Reconciliation Directives to Senate Committees in Budget Resolutions for FY1976-FY2005, by Bill Heniff Jr. (both available from the author). 5 The FY1983 budget resolution exempted legislation dealing with certain trust funds from its deferred enrollment provision. CRS-10 Congress may "set forth such other matters, and require such other procedures, relating to the budget, as may be appropriate to carry out the purposes of" the Congressional Budget Act in the budget resolution. The number of procedural provisions included in budget resolutions is listed in the last column of Appendix E. Some of these procedural provisions include deferred enrollment; automatic second budget resolutions; special budgetary treatment of certain activities, such as the sale of government assets; and more recently, enforcement of a pay-as-you-go requirement in the Senate, and limits on advance appropriations. Source of Economic Assumptions Associated with Budget Levels in the Budget Resolution The budget levels contained in the budget resolution are developed using a baseline, which is a projection of revenues and spending under existing law and assuming no policy changes. There are two baselines commonly used in the federal budget process: (1) the current services estimates calculated by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB); and (2) the budget baseline projections calculated by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). These two projections often differ because they are based upon different sets of economic and technical assumptions, reflecting different projections of future economic and program performance. The economic assumptions developed by OMB are published in the Analytical Perspectives volume of the President's budget submitted to Congress.6 CBO includes its initial economic assumptions in its annual economic and budget outlook report published early in the year.7 Often, CBO revises these economic assumptions to reflect new economic data which become available after the publication of this report. In some years, CBO will revise its economic assumptions in late winter or early spring and publish them in its analysis of the President's budget.8 In other years, revised economic assumptions will be included in CBO's economic and budget outlook update report published in the summer. Congress is not required to use the economic assumptions developed by either OMB or CBO in the budget resolution, but must identify the economic assumptions upon which the budget levels are based.9 The original Budget Act required that only the House and Senate Committee reports accompanying the budget resolution include the economic assumptions upon which the spending and revenue levels were based. The common practice, however, was to extend this to the conference report on the 6 For example, see OMB, Budget of the U.S. Government, Fiscal Year 2007, Analytical Perspectives (Washington: GPO, February 2006), chapter 12, pp. 165-174. 7 For example, see CBO, The Budget and Economic Outlook: Fiscal Years 2007-2016 (Washington: January 2006), chapter 2, pp. 25-49. 8 For example, see CBO, An Analysis of the President's Budgetary Proposals for Fiscal Year 2003 (Washington: March 2002), pp. 4-5. 9 In addition, Section 301(g)(1) of the Budget Act prohibits the Senate from considering a budget resolution that contains budget levels based on more than one set of economic assumptions. This provision was added by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Reaffirmation Act of 1987 (Title I of P.L. 100-119, 99 Stat. 754-788). CRS-11 budget resolution as well. In 1985, Congress amended the Budget Act to specifically require that the joint explanatory statement accompanying a conference report on a budget resolution set forth the common economic assumptions upon which the statement and conference report are based.10 Appendix G specifies the source of the economic assumptions used in the first budget resolutions for FY1976 to FY2008. Of the 29 budget resolutions adopted by Congress during this period, 17 were based upon economic assumptions developed by CBO. Usually, these were the assumptions in CBO's economic and budget outlook report published early in the year. In four instances, however, Congress used the economic assumptions that were revised by CBO after the publication of this report; the budget resolutions for FY1984, FY1985, FY1997, and FY1998 were based upon revised CBO economic assumptions. On four other occasions, Congress made adjustments to the CBO economic assumptions; the budget resolutions for FY1996, FY1997, FY1998, and FY2000 were based upon adjusted CBO economic assumptions. In the first three, the adjustments were intended to reflect anticipated revisions to the Consumer Price Index. In six of the 29 budget resolutions, Congress used the economic assumptions developed by OMB. Usually, these were the assumptions included in the President's budget submitted to Congress early in the year. In two of these budget resolutions, however, the OMB economic assumptions were adjusted to reflect revisions in economic data. In 1982, Congress based the budget levels in the FY1983 budget resolution upon economic assumptions agreed to by negotiators from Congress and the Administration during a budget summit. Finally, the joint explanatory statements accompanying the conference reports to the first five budget resolutions specified the economic assumptions upon which the budget levels were based, but did not indicate the source of those assumptions. Number of Years Covered by the Budget Resolution Originally, the Budget Act mandated that budget resolutions cover only the upcoming fiscal year beginning on October 1 (referred to as the budget year). A desire to use the budget resolution as a tool for budget planning and other factors prompted Congress to expand this time frame to include the upcoming fiscal year as well as the two ensuing fiscal years. Congress used the authority provided by the elastic clause of the Budget Act to adopt three-year budget resolutions for the period covering the second budget resolution for FY1980 through the FY1986 budget resolution. The practice of including three fiscal years was formalized by the 1985 Balanced Budget Act. The Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) of 1990 (Title XIII of P.L. 101-508, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990, 104 Stat. 1388-573-1388 through 630) 10 Section 301(g)(2) of the Budget Act, as amended by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Title II of P.L. 99-177, 99 Stat. 1038-1101). CRS-12 temporarily extended to five fiscal years the period the budget resolution is required to cover. The 1990 BEA provision originally covered five-year periods beginning in FY1991 and continuing through FY1995; this provision was extended to cover the FY1996 through FY1998 budget resolutions in 1993 (Title XIV of P.L. 103-66, Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, 107 Stat. 683-685). As an integral part of Congress's goal of achieving a balanced budget by FY2002, the FY1996 and FY1997 budget resolutions covered seven and six fiscal years, respectively. The Budget Enforcement Act of 1997 (Title X of P.L. 105-33, Balanced Budget Act of 1997, 111 Stat. 677-712) amended the Budget Act to require permanently that a budget resolution cover the budget year and at least the four ensuing fiscal years. Appendix H provides information regarding the number of years covered by the budget resolutions agreed to by Congress. Congress also may revise budget levels for the current year in the budget resolution, pursuant to Section 304 of the Budget Act. Congress has adopted 14 first budget resolutions that revised current-year budget levels. Consideration and Adoption of the Budget Resolution Floor consideration of the budget resolution differs in the House and Senate. Section 305 of the Budget Act sets forth special procedures for the consideration of the budget resolution, generally to expedite its consideration. The House, however, regularly adopts a special rule, a simple House resolution, setting forth the terms for consideration of the measure. In particular, special rules have been used for more than a decade to limit the offering of amendments to a few major substitutes. Appendix I lists the special rules that provided for the consideration of budget resolutions in the House. In contrast, floor consideration in the Senate is governed by the procedures set forth in the Congressional Budget Act. The procedures generally limit debate and prohibit certain amendments and motions.11 Amendments to the Budget Resolution The House has considered, on average, six amendments per budget resolution.12 The largest number of amendments considered was 45 in 1979; the largest number agreed to was 11 in 1979 (the first FY1983 budget resolution also was amended 11 times, but it subsequently was rejected). Appendix J identifies the number of accepted and rejected amendments to budget resolutions considered in the House. 11 For a discussion of these procedures, see CRS Report 98-511, Consideration of the Budget Resolution, by Bill Heniff Jr. 12 These averages, as well as the averages related to Senate amendments, derive from all first budget resolutions considered and adopted on the House or Senate floor. That is, the averages do not include amendments to budget resolutions that subsequently were rejected. CRS-13 The amending activity in the House during the last several years is in marked contrast to the early years of the congressional budget process. During the first eight years, the House considered, on average, more than 13 amendments per budget resolution, agreeing to, on average, three of these. In contrast, during the past 25 years, the House has considered very few amendments to budget resolutions, averaging almost four per budget resolution, and agreeing to even fewer of these. Of the 89 amendments considered by the House during this time period, only four were adopted. Since 1992, the House has rejected all amendments. Contributing to this trend, the House special rule typically has allowed for consideration of only amendments in the nature of a substitute to the budget resolution. For example, between 1983 and 2007 (for the FY1984-FY2008 budget resolutions), 84 out of the 89 amendments to the budget resolution made in order by the special rule were amendments in the nature of a substitute. Only one of these 84 amendments in the nature of a substitute was agreed to; that one contained the budget resolution text recommended by the House Budget Committee offered by its chair at the time, Representative William H. Gray III (PA). Appendix K lists the amendments in the nature of a substitute to the budget resolution made in order by the special rule. Unlike the House, which has no reporting deadline for its budget committee to report a budget resolution, the Senate has an April 1 reporting deadline for the budget resolution.13 In addition, the terms of debate and the consideration of amendments are not structured by a special rule, as in the House, but instead are governed by the procedures set forth in Section 305(b) of the Budget Act. Typically, a larger number of amendments is considered, consisting of substitute amendments as well as amendments that address specific issues. During the period between 1975 and 2007, the Senate considered, on average, about 42 amendments per budget resolution, agreeing to, on average, 22 of these.14 The largest number of amendments considered was 106 in 1998; the largest number agreed to was 57 in 1998 and 1999. Appendix L identifies the number of amendments accepted, rejected, withdrawn, and ruled out-of-order during Senate consideration of budget resolutions. In contrast to the House, the number of amendments considered by the Senate has increased over the last decade. For the last 14 budget resolutions considered on the floor for example, the Senate considered, on average, 72 amendments per budget resolution, agreeing to, on average, about 43 of these. Amendments have been agreed to in the Senate at a much higher rate compared to the House as well. For instance, in 10 of the past 14 years in which a budget resolution was considered on the floor, the success rate for amendments has equaled or exceeded 60%. 13 For further information, see CRS Report RS20541, Congressional Budget Resolutions: Reporting Deadline in the Senate, by Robert Keith. 14 This average does not include the FY2003 budget resolution because it was not considered on the Senate floor. CRS-14 Timing of Action on the Budget Resolution Congress is required to complete action on the budget resolution by April 15 each year. Table 2 lists the dates of final adoption of budget resolutions for FY1976- FY2008. Since 1974, Congress has met the budget resolution deadline only six times, most recently in 2003 with the FY2004 budget resolution. Under the original timetable (prior to 1986, the deadline was May 15), Congress adopted the annual budget resolution on time twice, in 1975 and 1976. After the deadline was changed to April 15 by the 1985 Balanced Budget Act, Congress has met its deadline four times, in 1993, 1999, 2000, and 2003. Further, Congress did not adopt a budget resolution four times (in 1998 for FY1999, in 2002 for FY2003, in 2004 for FY2005, and in 2006 for FY2007). Table 2. Dates of Final Adoption of the Annual Budget Resolution, FY1976-FY2008 Fiscal Year Date Adopted Fiscal Year Date Adopted 1977 05-13-1976 1993 05-21-1992 1978 05-17-1977 1994 04-01-1993 1979 05-17-1978 1995 05-12-1994 1980 05-24-1979 1996 06-29-1995 1981 06-12-1980 1997 06-13-1996 1982 05-21-1981 1998 06-05-1997 1983 06-23-1982 1999 [none] 1984 06-23-1983 2000 04-15-1999 1985 10-01-1984 2001 04-13-2000 1986 08-01-1985 2002 05-10-2001 1987 06-27-1986 2003 [none] 1988 06-24-1987 2004 04-11-2003 1989 06-06-1988 2005 [none] 1990 05-18-1989 2006 04-28-2005 1991 10-09-1990 2007 [none] 1992 05-22-1991 2008 05-17-2007 In those years in which Congress has adopted a budget resolution (that is, not including the budget resolutions for FY1999, FY2003, FY2005, and FY2007), it has adopted the budget resolution an average of over 37 days after the target date. The FY1991 budget resolution was adopted the latest, on October 9, 1990, or 177 days after the deadline. The earliest adoption of a budget resolution was for FY1994, on CRS-15 April 1, 1993, or 14 days before the deadline. Figure 1 illustrates the number of days before or after the target date the annual budget resolution was adopted. Appendices M and N provide a list of dates related to the consideration and adoption of the budget resolution in the House and the Senate, respectively. Figure 1. Number of Days Before or After Deadline That Action on the Annual Budget Resolution Was Completed, FY1976-FY2008 1976 -1 1977 -2 1978 2 1979 2 1980 9 1981 28 1982 6 1983 39 1984 39 1985 139 1986 78 1987 73 1988 70 1989 52 1990 33 1991 177 1992 37 1993 36 1994 -14 1995 27 1996 75 1997 59 1998 51 1999 2000 0 2001 -2 2002 25 2003 2004 -4 2005 2006 13 2007 2008 32 -50 0 50 100 150 200 Days before (-) / after deadline Notes: The deadline for adoption of the budget resolution was May 15 for FY1976-FY1986 and April 15 thereafter. Congress did not complete action on the budget resolutions for FY1999, FY2003, FY2005, and FY2007. The FY2000 budget resolution was adopted on the deadline of April 15; thus, the value is zero. CRS-16 Appendix A. Modifications to the Procedures and Requirements Pertaining to the Formulation, Content, and Consideration of the Budget Resolution Full Employment and Balanced Growth Act of 1978 ("Humphrey-Hawkins Act"; P.L. 95-523; 92 Stat. 1887-1908; October 27, 1978) ! Called for a period of up to four hours for debate on economic goals and priorities, following the presentation of opening floor statements on the budget resolution. Temporary Increase in the Public Debt Limit (P.L. 96-5; 93 Stat. 8; April 2, 1979) ! Mandated that the President's budget and the Budget Committee's reported budget resolution for FY1981 and FY1982 be in balance. [Provision was repealed in 1982.] Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Title II of P.L. 99- 177; 99 Stat. 1038-1101; December 12, 1985)15 ! Required Congress to complete action on a budget resolution by April 15 of each year (deadline moved from May 15). ! Eliminated the requirement that Congress adopt a second budget resolution annually by September 15. ! Formalized the practice of adopting a 3-year budget resolution, with the second and third fiscal years non-binding. [Current law requires budget resolutions to cover at least five fiscal years.] ! Called for off-budget entities, except Social Security, to be included in the budget resolution and the President's budget. ! Formalized the practice of including credit authority (direct and guaranteed loans) in the budget resolution. 15 For more information on changes made by the 1985 Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, see out-of-print CRS Report 86-713, Changes in the Congressional Budget Process Made by the 1985 Balanced Budget Act (P.L. 99-177), by Robert A. Keith; and out-of-print CRS Report 85-1130, Explanation of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 - Public Law 99-177 (The Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act), by Allen Schick. CRS-17 ! Mandated that neither chamber may consider a budget resolution, amendment to a budget resolution, or conference report on a budget resolution that recommends a deficit amount greater than the applicable maximum deficit amount established in the 1985 Balanced Budget Act. ! Excluded Social Security from budget totals, except for purposes of calculating the deficit in order to determine if sequestration is required. The budget resolution may contain two deficit totals, one with Social Security, one without. Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) of 1990 (Title XIII of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990; P.L. 101-508; 104 Stat. 1388-573 through 630; November 5, 1990)16 ! Added language to the Budget Act allowing the option to include pay-as-you-go procedures for the Senate and House in the budget resolution (Sections 301(b)(7) and 301(b)(8)). ! Required that the budget resolutions for FY1991-FY1995 cover five fiscal years. [Current law permanently requires at least five fiscal years (see BEA of 1997 below).] ! In the Senate, prohibited the consideration of a reported budget resolution calling for a reduction in Social Security surpluses. ! Changed deadline for submitting views and estimates reports from "on or before February 25 of each year" to "within 6 weeks after the President submits a budget." ! Added language to the Budget Act allowing the option of including Social Security outlays and revenues in the budget resolution for purposes of Senate enforcement. ! In the Senate, created a point of order that prohibits the consideration of any budget resolution that would exceed any of the discretionary spending limits. [Initially, this point of order was added to the Budget Act as a temporary Section (601(b)); the BEA of 1997 permanently added this point of order to the Budget Act as Section 312(b) and applied the point of order to any legislation.] Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (Title XIV of P.L. 103-66; 107 Stat. 683-685; August 10, 1993) ! Extended through FY1998 the BEA requirement that budget resolutions cover five fiscal years. 16 See out-of-print CRS Report 90-520, Budget Enforcement Act of 1990: Brief Summary, by Edward Davis and Robert Keith. CRS-18 Budget Resolution for FY1995 (H.Con.Res. 218; 103rd Congress; May 12, 1994)17 ! Made permanent a temporary modification found in the budget resolutions for FY1993 and FY1994, which applied Section 301(i) to a budget resolution at any stage of consideration. Section 301(i) of the Budget Act prohibits the Senate from considering any reported budget resolution that would decrease the excess of Social Security revenues over Social Security outlays for any of the fiscal years covered by the resolution, subject to a three-fifths waiver requirement. This creates a so-called "firewall" to protect Social Security balances. Budget Enforcement Act of 1997 (Title X of P.L. 105-33; 111 Stat. 677-712; August 5, 1997)18 ! Permanently required the budget resolution to cover at least five fiscal years. ! Made optional rather than mandatory the inclusion of total direct loan obligation and total primary loan guarantee commitment levels in the budget resolution and the accompanying report. ! Modified the optional contents of the budget resolution to include special pay-as-you-go (PAYGO) procedures in the Senate pertaining to the use of reserve funds. ! Allowed the Budget Committees to set an alternative deadline for committees to submit their views and estimates, instead of the usual deadline of within 6 weeks after the President submits a budget. ! Applied the Senate point of order against a budget resolution recommending a decrease in the projected surplus in the Social Security trust funds to all its legislative stages. Budget Resolution for FY2000 (H.Con.Res. 68; 106th Congress; April 15, 1999) ! Created a point of order that prohibited consideration of a revised FY2000 or a FY2001 budget resolution setting forth an on-budget deficit for any fiscal year (i.e., excluding any surplus resulting from the Social Security trust fund). The provision did not apply if the deficit for a fiscal year resulted solely from legislation that made structural programmatic reforms to enhance retirement security. 17 Although budget resolutions, which are agreed to in the form of a concurrent resolution, do not have the force of law, they can contain changes in congressional budget procedures. 18 For more information on changes made by the Budget Enforcement Act of 1997, see CRS Report 97-931, Budget Enforcement Act of 1997: Summary and Legislative History, by Robert Keith. CRS-19 Budget Resolution for FY2001 (H.Con.Res. 290; 106th Congress; April 13, 2000) ! Applied the point of order against budget resolutions setting forth an on-budget deficit for any fiscal year (see FY2000 budget resolution) to a revised FY2001 or a FY2002 budget resolution. The provision would not apply if the economy experienced low growth in two consecutive quarters, or if a declaration of war was in effect. ! Specified that amendments that contain predominately "precatory" language, such as sense-of-the-Senate amendments, are not germane, effectively prohibiting such amendments to budget resolutions and reconciliation legislation. Budget Resolution for FY2004 (H.Con.Res. 95; 108th Congress; April 11, 2003) ! Extended through September 30, 2008, the three-fifths vote requirement in the Senate to waive, and to sustain an appeal of a ruling of the chair on, certain points of order specified in Sections 904(c)(2) and 904(d)(3) of the Budget Act. Budget Resolution for FY2006 (H.Con.Res. 95; 109th Congress; April 28, 2005) ! Extended through September 30, 2010, the three-fifths vote requirement in the Senate to waive, and to sustain an appeal of a ruling of the chair on, certain points of order specified in Sections 904(c)(2) and 904(d)(3) of the Budget Act. Budget Resolution for FY2008 (S.Con.Res. 21; 110th Congress; May 17, 2007) ! Extended through September 30, 2017, the three-fifths vote requirement in the Senate to waive, and to sustain an appeal of a ruling of the chair on, certain points of order specified in Sections 904(c)(2) and 904(d)(3) of the Budget Act. CRS-20 Appendix B. U.S. Statutes-at-Large Citations of Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 Fiscal U.S. Statutes-at-Large Congress year Typea Budget Resolution Citation 94th 1976 first H.Con.Res. 218 89 Stat. 1197-1198 second H.Con.Res. 466 89 Stat. 1209-1210 1977 first S.Con.Res. 109 90 Stat. 3029-3030 second S.Con.Res. 139 90 Stat. 3044-3045 95th 1977 third S.Con.Res. 10 91 Stat. 1666-1667 1978 first S.Con.Res. 19 91 Stat. 1670-1673 second H.Con.Res. 341 91 Stat. 1683-1684 1979 first S.Con.Res. 80 92 Stat. 3870-3872 second H.Con.Res. 683 92 Stat. 3878-3879 96th 1980 first H.Con.Res. 107 93 Stat. 1413-1416 second S.Con.Res. 53 93 Stat. 1428-1433 1981 first H.Con.Res. 307 94 Stat. 3655-3668 second H.Con.Res. 448 94 Stat. 3680-3688 97th 1982 first H.Con.Res. 115 95 Stat. 1743-1759 second S.Con.Res. 50 95 Stat. 1778 1983 -- S.Con.Res. 92 96 Stat. 2647-2661 98th 1984 -- H.Con.Res. 91 97 Stat. 1501-1523 1985 -- H.Con.Res. 280 98 Stat. 3484-3498 99th 1986 -- S.Con.Res. 32 99 Stat. 1941-1959 1987 -- S.Con.Res. 120 100 Stat. 4354-4370 100th 1988 -- H.Con.Res. 93 101 Stat. 1986-2003 1989 -- H.Con.Res. 268 102 Stat. 4875-4886 101st 1990 -- H.Con.Res. 106 103 Stat. 2540-2554 1991 -- H.Con.Res. 310 104 Stat. 5163-5181 102nd 1992 -- H.Con.Res. 121 105 Stat. 2414-2433 1993 -- H.Con.Res. 287 106 Stat. 5165-5189 103rd 1994 -- H.Con.Res. 64 107 Stat. 2508-2538 1995 -- H.Con.Res. 218 108 Stat. 5075-5103 CRS-21 Fiscal U.S. Statutes-at-Large Congress year Typea Budget Resolution Citation 104th 1996 -- H.Con.Res. 67 109 Stat. 996-1030 1997 -- H.Con.Res. 178 110 Stat. 4434-4482 105th 1998 -- H.Con.Res. 84 111 Stat. 2710-2760 1999b -- -- -- 106th 2000 -- H.Con.Res. 68 113 Stat. 1968-1999 2001 -- H.Con.Res. 290 114 Stat. 3139-3173 107th 2002 -- H.Con.Res. 83 115 Stat. 2486-2516 2003c -- -- -- 108th 2004 -- H.Con.Res. 95 117 Stat. 2910-2942 2005d -- -- -- 109th 2006 -- H.Con.Res. 95 119 Stat. 3633-3658 2007e -- -- -- 110th 2008 -- S.Con.Res. 21 not available Source: U.S. Statutes-at-Large, various volumes. Note: Although concurrent resolutions such as budget resolutions have no statutory authority, they are compiled in a special section of the U.S. Statutes-at-Large. a. "Type" refers to whether the budget resolution was the first, second, or third for the fiscal year. For the first seven years of the congressional budget process, Congress adopted multiple budget resolutions each year. Since the FY1983 budget resolution, Congress has adopted only one a year. b. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY1999. c. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2003. d. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2005. e. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2007. CRS-22 Appendix C. Budget Resolutions Rejected in the House, FY1976-FY2008 Congress Fiscal year Budget Resolution Date Vote 95th 1978 H.Con.Res. 195 04-27-1977 84-320 96th 1980 H.Con.Res. 186a 09-19-1979 192-213 97th 1983 H.Con.Res. 345 05-27-1982 159-265 99th 1987 H.Con.Res. 296 03-13-1986 12-312 101st 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 10-05-1990 179-254 (conf. rept.)b 104th 1996 H.Con.Res. 122 12-19-1995 0-412 Source: Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov]. Notes: No budget resolutions in the Senate were rejected on roll-call votes. All budget resolutions listed were first budget resolutions, except for FY1980, which was a second budget resolution. a. House subsequently adopted the Senate's version of the second budget resolution for FY1980 (S.Con.Res. 53). b. After this conference report (H.Rept. 101-802) was rejected, another conference report to H.Con.Res. 310 (H.Rept. 101-820) was agreed to on October 8, 1990, by a vote of 250-164. CRS-23 Appendix D. Committee Reports to Budget Resolutions, FY1976- FY2008 Fiscal Budget Resolution House Senate Conference year (companion measure) Report Report Report(s) 1976 H.Con.Res. 218 94-145 94-77 H.Rept. 94-198 (S.Con.Res. 32) S.Rept. 94-113 1977 S.Con.Res. 109 94-1030 94-731 H.Rept. 94-1108 (H.Con.Res. 611) S.Rept. 94-805 1978 S.Con.Res. 19 95-239 95-90 H.Rept. 95-291 (H.Con.Res. 214) S.Rept. 95-134 1979 S.Con.Res. 80 95-1055 95-739 H.Rept. 95-1173 (H.Con.Res. 559) S.Rept. 95-866 1980 H.Con.Res. 107 96-95 96-68 H.Rept. 96-211 (S.Con.Res. 22) S.Rept. 96-192 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 96-857 96-654 H.Rept. 96-1051 (S.Con.Res. 86) S.Rept. 96-792 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 97-23 97-49 H.Rept. 97-46 (S.Con.Res. 19) S.Rept. 97-86 1983 S.Con.Res. 92 97-597 97-385 H.Rept. 97-614 (H.Con.Res. 352) S.Rept. 97-478 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 98-41 98-63 H.Rept. 98-248 (S.Con.Res. 27) S.Rept. 98-155 1985 H.Con.Res. 280 [none] 98-399 H.Rept. 98-1079 (S.Con.Res. 106) 1986 S.Con.Res. 32 99-133 99-15 H.Rept. 99-249 (H.Con.Res. 152) 1987 S.Con.Res. 120 99-598 99-264 H.Rept. 99-664 (H.Con.Res. 337) 1988 H.Con.Res. 93 [none] [none] H.Rept. 100-175 (S.Con.Res. 49) S.Rept. 100-76 1989 H.Con.Res. 268 100-523 100-311 H.Rept. 100-658 (S.Con.Res. 113) 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 101-42 101-20 H.Rept. 101-50 (S.Con.Res. 30) 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 101-455 [none] H.Rept. 101-820 (S.Con.Res. 110) 1992 H.Con.Res. 121 102-32 102-40 H.Rept. 102-69 (S.Con.Res. 29) CRS-24 Fiscal Budget Resolution House Senate Conference year (companion measure) Report Report Report(s) 1993 H.Con.Res. 287 102-450 [none] H.Rept. 102-529 (S.Con.Res. 106) 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 103-31 103-19 H.Rept. 103-48 (S.Con.Res. 18) 1995 H.Con.Res. 218 103-428 103-238 H.Rept. 103-490 (S.Con.Res. 63) 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 104-120 104-82 H.Rept. 104-159 (S.Con.Res. 13) 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 104-575 104-271 H.Rept. 104-612 (S.Con.Res. 57) 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 105-100 [none] H.Rept. 105-116 (S.Con.Res. 27) 1999a H.Con.Res. 284 105-555 105-170 -- (S.Con.Res. 86) 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 106-73 106-27 H.Rept. 106-91 (S.Con.Res. 20) 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 106-530 106-251 H.Rept. 106-577 (S.Con.Res. 101) 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 107-26 [none] H.Rept. 107-60 (no companion measure)b 2003c H.Con.Res. 353 107-376 107-141 -- (S.Con.Res. 100) 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 108-37 [none]d H.Rept. 108-71 (S.Con.Res. 23) 2005e S.Con.Res. 95 108-441 [none] f H.Rept. 108-498 (H.Con.Res. 393) 2006 H.Con.Res. 95 109-17 [none]g H.Rept. 109-62 (S.Con.Res. 18) 2007 H.Con.Res. 376 109-402 [none]h -- (S Con. Res. 83) 2008 S.Con.Res. 21 110-69 [none]i H.Rept. 110-153 (H.Con.Res. 99) Source: Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov]. Note: This list includes first budget resolutions only. a. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY1999. CRS-25 b. The Senate Budget Committee did not mark up or report a budget resolution for FY2002. Instead, the Senate considered the House-passed budget resolution after the Senate Budget Committee was discharged from its consideration. c. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2003. d. The Senate Budget Committee issued a committee print (S.Prt. 108-19) in lieu of a written report. e. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2005. The House agreed to the conference report to S.Con.Res. 95 on May 19, 2004, but the Senate did not consider it. f. The Senate Budget Committee issued a committee print (S.Prt. 108-365) in lieu of a written report. g. The Senate Budget Committee issued a committee print (S.Prt. 109-18) in lieu of a written report. h. The Senate Budget Committee issued a committee print (S.Prt. 109-57) in lieu of a written report. i. The Senate Budget Committee issued a committee print (S.Prt. 110-19) in lieu of a written report. CRS-26 Appendix E. Selected Components Included in Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 Reconciliation Credit Number of Number of Number of Fiscal year Budget resolution directives Levels reserve fundsa declaratory statementsb procedural provisionsc 1976 H.Con.Res. 218 -- -- 0 0 0 1977 S.Con.Res. 109 -- -- 0 0 0 1978 S.Con.Res. 19 -- -- 0 1 0 1979 S.Con.Res. 80 -- -- 0 0 0 1980 H.Con.Res. 107 -- -- 0 0 0 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 X X 0 3 1 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 X X 0 2 1 1983 S.Con.Res. 92 X X 0 3 6 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 X X 1d 3 3 1985 H.Con.Res. 280 -- X 0 1 3 1986 S.Con.Res. 32 X X 0 7 2 1987 S.Con.Res. 120 X X 2 8 1 1988 H.Con.Res. 93 X X 3 3 4 1989 H.Con.Res. 268 -- X 3 3 1 CRS-27 Reconciliation Credit Number of Number of Number of Fiscal year Budget resolution directives Levels reserve fundsa declaratory statementsb procedural provisionsc 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 X X 2 2 1 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 X X 1 0 1 1992 H.Con.Res. 121 -- X 5 2 3 1993 H.Con.Res. 287 -- X 5 8 4 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 X X 7 29 4 1995 H.Con.Res. 218 -- X 13 14 4 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 X X 2 14 5 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 X X 3 39 3 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 X X 10 40 3 1999e H.Con.Res. 284 X -- 0 7 1 S.Con.Res. 86 -- -- 4f 16 0 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 X -- 7 22 3 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 X -- 10 44 13 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 X -- 9 14 5 2003g H.Con.Res. 353 -- -- 6 7 1 S.Con.Res. 100 -- -- 3 27 6 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 X -- 8 16 5 2005h S.Con.Res. 95 X -- 9 15 5 2006 H.Con.Res. 95 X -- 10 8 6 CRS-28 Reconciliation Credit Number of Number of Number of Fiscal year Budget resolution directives Levels reserve fundsa declaratory statementsb procedural provisionsc 2007i H.Con.Res. 376 X -- 8 4 7 S.Con.Res. 83 X -- 22 0 6 2008 S.Con.Res. 21 X -- 23 17 8 Sources: U.S. Statutes-at-Large, various volumes, and the respective conference reports on the budget resolutions. Note: This list includes first budget resolutions only. a. "Reserve fund" refers to any provision establishing procedures to revise spending or revenue levels, or both, if certain legislation is enacted or some other condition is met. b. Declaratory statements express, in non-binding terms, the sense of the Congress, the sense of the House, or the sense of the Senate on various issues. c. Some examples of the procedural provisions include deferred enrollment; automatic second budget resolutions; special budgetary treatment of certain activities, such as the sale of government assets; and more recently, enforcement of a pay-as-you-go rules in the Senate, and limits on advance appropriations. The number of procedural provisions does not include reconciliation instructions or reserve funds. d. The FY1984 budget resolution provided for a single deficit-neutral reserve fund for all legislative initiatives included in the Manager's Statement. e. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY1999. Entries represent FY1999 budget resolutions agreed to by the respective chamber. f. This number does not include a provision allowing for revisions in spending levels if the line-item veto was ruled unconstitutional. g. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2003. Entries represent FY2003 budget resolutions agreed to by the House and reported by the Senate Budget Committee, respectively. h. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2005. Entries represent the conference report to S.Con.Res. 95 (H.Rept. 108-498). The House agreed to the conference report on May 19, 2004, but the Senate did not consider it. i. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2007. Entries represent FY2007 budget resolutions agreed to by the respective chamber. CRS-29 Appendix F. Budget Resolutions and Associated Reconciliation Acts, FY1976-FY2008 Fiscal Years Covered by Date Enacted Fiscal Year Budget Resolution Associated Reconciliation Acts Reconciliation Instructions (or Vetoed) 1976 H.Con.Res. 466a 1976 Revenue Adjustment Act of 1975 (H.R. 5559) 12-17-1975 (vetoed) 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 1980-1981b Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1980 (P.L. 96-499) 12-05-1980 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 1981-1984c Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 (P.L. 97-35) 08-13-1981 1983 S.Con.Res. 92 1983-1985 Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-248) 09-03-1982 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1982 (P.L. 97-253) 09-08-1982 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 1984-1986 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1983 (P.L. 98-270) 04-18-1984 1986 S.Con.Res. 32 1986-1988 Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1985 04-07-1986 (P.L. 99-272) 1987 S.Con.Res. 120 1987-1989 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1986 (P.L. 99-509) 10-21-1986 1988 S.Con.Res. 93 1988-1990 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (P.L. 100-203) 12-22-1987 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 1990 (Senate) Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (P.L. 101-239) 12-19-1989 1990-1991 (House) 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 1991-1995 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (P.L. 101-508) 11-05-1990 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 1994-1998 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 (P.L. 103-66) 08-10-1993 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 1996-2002 Balanced Budget Act of 1995 (H.R. 2491) 12-06-1995 (vetoed) 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 1997-2002 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 08-22-1996 1996 (P.L. 104-193) CRS-30 Fiscal Years Covered by Date Enacted Fiscal Year Budget Resolution Associated Reconciliation Acts Reconciliation Instructions (or Vetoed) 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 1998-2002 Balanced Budget Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-33) 08-05-1997 Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997 (P.L. 105-34) 08-05-1997 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 2000-2009 Taxpayer Refund and Relief Act of 1999 (H.R. 2488) 09-23-1999 (vetoed) 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 2001-2005 Marriage Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2000 (H.R. 4810) 08-05-2000 (vetoed) 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 2001-2011 Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 07-07-2001 (P.L. 107-16) 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 2003-2013 Jobs and Growth Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2003 (P.L. 108-27) 05-28-2003 2006 H.Con.Res. 95 2005-2010 Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (P.L. 109-171) 02-08-2006 Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 (P.L. 109- 05-17-2006 2006-2010 222) 2008 S.Con.Res.21 2007-2012 College Cost Reduction and Access Act (P.L. 110-84) 09-27-2007 Sources: U.S. Statutes-at-Large, various volumes, and the Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov/]. For further information on reconciliation measures, see CRS Report RL33030, The Reconciliation Process: House and Senate Procedures, by Robert Keith and Bill Heniff Jr. Notes: Each budget resolution listed was the first, or sole, budget resolution for the fiscal year, except for FY1976, which was the second budget resolution for that year. a. There has been an ongoing controversy about whether the directive in this budget resolution was a reconciliation directive as set forth in Section 310 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. The Senate treated it as such and considered the resultant legislation (H.R. 5559, as reported by the Senate Finance Committee, 94th Congress) under the reconciliation procedures. The House did not, however, consider and adopt its version of the resultant legislation as a reconciliation measure, and thus it presumably did not consider the directive as a reconciliation directive. See Floyd M. Riddick and Alan S. Frumin, Riddick's Senate Procedure: Precedents and Practices (Rev. ed.), S.Doc. 101-28, 101st Cong., 1st sess. (Washington: GPO, 1992), pp. 622-623. b. The House and Senate Appropriations Committees were instructed in the budget resolution to submit legislation (e.g., rescissions of previously enacted appropriations) to reduce spending for FY1980. c. The Senate Appropriations Committee was instructed in the budget resolution to submit legislation to reduce spending for FY1981 (budget authority and outlays) and FY1982-1984 (outlays only). CRS-31 Appendix G. Source of Economic Assumptions Associated with Budget Levels in Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 Fiscal Source of Economic Budget Resolution Conference Report(s) Year Assumptions 1976 H.Con.Res. 218 H.Rept. 94-198 Not indicated S.Rept. 94-113 1977 S.Con.Res. 109 H.Rept. 94-1108 Not indicated S.Rept. 94-805 1978 S.Con.Res. 19 H.Rept. 95-291 Not indicated S.Rept. 95-134 1979 S.Con.Res. 80 H.Rept. 95-1173 Not indicated S.Rept. 95-866 1980 H.Con.Res. 107 H.Rept. 96-211 Not indicated S.Rept. 96-192 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 H.Rept. 96-1051 CBO S.Rept. 96-792 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 H.Rept. 97-46 "closely correspond to" S.Rept. 97-86 OMB (March 1981) 1983 S.Con.Res. 92 H.Rept. 97-614 Negotiators from S.Rept. 97-478 House, Senate, and Administration during April 1982 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 H.Rept. 98-248 CBO (revised) S.Rept. 98-155 1985 H.Con.Res. 280 H.Rept. 98-1079 CBO (revised -- August 1984) 1986 S.Con.Res. 32 H.Rept. 99-249 OMB 1987 S.Con.Res. 120 H.Rept. 99-664 CBO 1988 H.Con.Res. 93 H.Rept. 100-175 OMB (adjusted to S.Rept. 100-76 reflect revisions in economic data for 1986) 1989 H.Con.Res. 268 H.Rept. 100-658 OMB (adjusted to reflect revisions in economic data for 1987) 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 H.Rept. 101-50 OMB 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 H.Rept. 101-820 OMB CRS-32 Fiscal Source of Economic Budget Resolution Conference Report(s) Year Assumptions 1992 H.Con.Res. 121 H.Rept. 102-69 CBO 1993 H.Con.Res. 287 H.Rept. 102-529 CBO 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 H.Rept. 103-48 CBO 1995 H.Con.Res. 218 H.Rept. 103-490 CBO 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 H.Rept. 104-159 CBO (adjusted for anticipated CPI revisions) 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 H.Rept. 104-612 CBO (revised -- May 1996, adjusted for anticipated CPI revisions) 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 H.Rept. 105-116 CBO (revised -- May 1997, adjusted for non- legislative technical CPI revisions) 1999a H.Con.Res. 284 -- CBO S.Con.Res. 86 CBO 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 H.Rept. 106-91 CBO (adjusted for increased real GDP growth) 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 H.Rept. 106-577 CBO 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 H.Rept. 107-60 CBO 2003b H.Con.Res. 353 -- OMB S.Con.Res. 100 CBO 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 H.Rept. 108-71 CBO 2005c S.Con.Res. 95 H.Rept. 108-498 CBO 2006 H.Con.Res. 95 H.Rept. 109-62 CBO 2007d H.Con.Res. 376 -- CBO S.Con.Res. 83 CBO 2008 S.Con.Res. 21 H.Rept. 110-153 CBO Sources: The respective conference reports on the budget resolutions, unless indicated otherwise. Note: This list includes first budget resolutions only. a. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY1999. Entries represent FY1999 budget resolutions agreed to by the respective chamber. The economic assumptions were specified in the respective Budget Committee reports (H.Rept. 105-555 and S.Rept. 105-170). b. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2003. Entries represent FY2003 budget resolutions agreed to by the House and reported by the Senate Budget Committee, CRS-33 respectively. The economic assumptions were specified in the respective Budget Committee reports (H.Rept. 107-376 and S.Rept. 107-141). c. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2005. Entry represents the conference report to S.Con.Res. 95 (H.Rept. 108-498). The House agreed to the conference report on May 19, 2004, but the Senate did not consider it. d. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2007. Entries represent FY2007 budget resolutions agreed to by the respective chamber. CRS-34 Appendix H. Number of Years Covered by Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 Current Number of Years Fiscal Budget Fiscal Year(s) Fiscal Year Covered, Excluding Year Resolution Covered Revision Current Year 1976 H.Con.Res. 218 1976 -- 1 1977 S.Con.Res. 109 1976-1977 1976 1 1978 S.Con.Res. 19 1978 -- 1 1979 S.Con.Res. 80 1979 -- 1 1980 H.Con.Res. 107 1979-1980 1979 1 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 1980-1983 1980 3 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 1981-1984 1981 3 1983 S.Con.Res. 92 1982-1985 1982 3 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 1983-1986 1983 3 1985 H.Con.Res. 280 1984-1987 1984 3 1986 S.Con.Res. 32 1985-1988 1985 3 1987 S.Con.Res. 120 1987-1989 -- 3 1988 H.Con.Res. 93 1988-1990 -- 3 1989 H.Con.Res. 268 1989-1991 -- 3 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 1990-1992 -- 3 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 1991-1995 -- 5 1992 H.Con.Res. 121 1991-1996 1991 5 1993 H.Con.Res. 287 1993-1997 -- 5 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 1994-1998 -- 5 1995 H.Con.Res. 218 1995-1999 -- 5 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 1996-2002 -- 7 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 1997-2002 -- 6 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 1998-2002 -- 5 1999a H.Con.Res. 284 1998-2003 1998 5 S.Con.Res. 86 1998-2003 1998 5 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 2000-2009 -- 10 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 2000-2005 2000 5 CRS-35 Current Number of Years Fiscal Budget Fiscal Year(s) Fiscal Year Covered, Excluding Year Resolution Covered Revision Current Year 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 2001-2011 2001 10 2003b H.Con.Res. 353 2003-2007 -- 5 S.Con.Res. 100 2003-2012 -- 10 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 2003-2013 2003 10 2005c S.Con.Res. 95 2005-2009 -- 5 2006 H.Con.Res. 95 2005-2010 2005 5 2007d H.Con.Res. 376 2007-2011 -- 5 S.Con.Res. 83 2006-2011 2006 5 2008 S.Con.Res. 21 2007-2012 2007 5 Sources: U.S. Statutes-at-Large, various volumes, and the respective conference reports on the budget resolutions. Note: This list includes first budget resolutions only. a. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY1999. Entries represent FY1999 budget resolutions agreed to by the respective chamber. b. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2003. Entries represent FY2003 budget resolutions agreed to by the House and reported by the Senate Budget Committee, respectively. c. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2005. Entry represents the conference report to S.Con.Res. 95 (H.Rept. 108-498). The House agreed to the conference report on May 19, 2004, but the Senate did not consider it. d. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2007. Entries represent FY2007 budget resolutions agreed to by the respective chamber. CRS-36 Appendix I. Special Rules Providing for the Consideration of Budget Resolutions in the House, FY1976-FY2008 Fiscal Date Special Rule Special Rule Budget Resolution Vote Year Was Adopteda 1976 [none] H.Con.Res. 218 -- -- 1977 [none] H.Con.Res. 611 -- -- 1978 H.Res. 515 H.Con.Res. 195b 04-26-1977 400-1 [none] H.Con.Res. 214 -- -- 1979 [none] H.Con.Res. 559 -- -- 1980 [none] H.Con.Res. 107 -- -- 1981 H.Res. 642 H.Con.Res. 307 04-23-1980 261-143 H.Res. 649c H.Con.Res. 307 04-30-1980 voice 1982 H.Res. 134 H.Con.Res. 115 04-30-1981 328-76 1983 H.Res. 477 H.Con.Res. 345b 05-21-1982 voice H.Res. 496 H.Con.Res. 352 06-10-1982 339-72 1984 H.Res. 144 H.Con.Res. 91 03-22-1983 230-187 H.Res. 243 H.Con.Res. 91 06-23-1983 voice (conf. rept.) 1985 H.Res. 476 H.Con.Res. 280 04-04-1984 302-89 1986 H.Res. 177 H.Con.Res. 152 05-22-1985 273-141 H.Res. 253 S.Con.Res. 32 08-01-1985 voice (conf. rept.) 1987 H.Res. 397 H.Con.Res. 296b 03-13-1986 239-168 H.Res. 455 H.Con.Res. 337 05-14-1986 voice 1988 H.Res. 139 H.Con.Res. 93 04-08-1987 241-168 H.Res. 201 H.Con.Res. 93 06-23-1987 voice (conf. rept.) 1989 H.Res. 410 H.Con.Res. 268 03-23-1988 voice H.Res. 461 H.Con.Res. 268 05-26-1988 voice (conf. rept.) 1990 H.Res. 145 H.Con.Res. 106 05-03-1989 voice 1991 H.Res. 382 H.Con.Res. 310 04-26-1990 voice H.Res. 488 H.Con.Res. 310b 10-04-1990 339-94 (conf. rept.) H.Res. 496d H.Con.Res. 310 10-06-1990 285-105 (conf. rept.) CRS-37 Fiscal Date Special Rule Special Rule Budget Resolution Vote Year Was Adopteda 1992 H.Res. 123 H.Con.Res. 121 04-16-1991 392-9 H.Res. 157 H.Con.Res. 121 05-22-1991 257-164 (conf. rept.) 1993 H.Res. 386 H.Con.Res. 287 03-04-1992 239-183 H.Res. 463 H.Con.Res. 287 05-21-1992 253-160 (conf. rept.) 1994 H.Res. 131 H.Con.Res. 64 03-17-1993 voice H.Res. 133e H.Con.Res. 64 03-18-1993 251-172 H.Res. 145 H.Con.Res. 64 03-31-1993 250-172 (conf. rept.) 1995 H.Res. 384 H.Con.Res. 218 03-10-1994 245-171 H.Res. 418 H.Con.Res. 218 05-05-1994 228-168 (conf. rept.) 1996 H.Res. 149 H.Con.Res. 67 05-17-1995 225-168 H.Res. 175 H.Con.Res. 67 06-29-1995 234-180 (conf. rept.) H.Res. 309 H.Con.Res. 122b 12-19-1995 229-189 1997 H.Res. 435 H.Con.Res. 178 05-16-1996 227-196 H.Res. 450 H.Con.Res. 178 06-12-1996 232-190 (conf. rept.) 1998 H.Res. 152 H.Con.Res. 84 05-20-1997 278-142 H.Res. 160 H.Con.Res. 84 06-05-1997 373-47 (conf. rept.) 1999 H.Res. 455 H.Con.Res. 284 06-04-1998 216-197 2000 H.Res. 131 H.Con.Res. 68 03-25-1999 228-194 H.Res. 137 H.Con.Res. 68 04-14-1999 221-205 (conf. rept.) 2001 H.Res. 446 H.Con.Res. 290 03-23-2000 228-194 H.Res. 474 H.Con.Res. 290 04-13-2000 221-205 (conf. rept.) 2002 H.Res. 100 H.Con.Res. 83 03-28-2000 282-130 H.Res. 134f H.Con.Res. 83 05-08-2001 409-1 (conf. rept.) H.Res. 136 H.Con.Res. 83 05-09-2001 218-208 (conf. rept.) 2003 H.Res. 372 H.Con.Res. 353 03-05-2002 222-206 2004 H.Res. 151 H.Con.Res. 95 03-20-2003 voice H.Res. 191 H.Con.Res. 95 04-11-2003 221-202 (conf. rept.) CRS-38 Fiscal Date Special Rule Special Rule Budget Resolution Vote Year Was Adopteda 2005 H.Res. 574 H.Con.Res. 393 03-25-2004 voice H.Res. 649 S.Con.Res. 95 05-19-2004 220-204 (conf. rept.) 2006 H.Res. 154 H.Con.Res. 95 03-16-2005 228-196 H.Res. 248 H.Con.Res. 95 04-28-2005 voice (conf. rept.) 2007 H.Res. 766g H.Con.Res. 376 04-06-2006 225-196 H.Res. 817 05-17-2006 226-193 2008 H.Res. 275h H.Con.Res. 99 03-28-2007 229-197 H.Res. 409 S.Con.Res. 21 05-17-2007 225-194 (conf. rept.) Source: Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov]. Notes: A special rule is a simple resolution reported by the House Rules Committee to provide for consideration of legislation by the House. This list includes first budget resolutions only. a. No special rules were rejected. b. The budget resolution was rejected (see Appendix C in this report). c. The special rule provided for technical corrections of H.Res. 642. d. The special rule provided for consideration of a revised conference report (H.Rept. 101-820); the original conference report (H.Rept. 101-802) was rejected (see Appendix C in this report). e. The special rule provided for further consideration of H.Con.Res. 64. f. The special rule provided for the recommittal of the conference report to the conference committee; two pages reportedly were missing from the original printed conference report (H.Rept. 107-55). g. H.Res. 766 provided for debate only. h. The House also considered and adopted H.Res. 370, which provided for the consideration of S.Con.Res. 21, as amended by the text of H.Con.Res. 99, as adopted by the House, in order to facilitate a conference with the Senate on S.Con.Res. 21. The House adopted H.Res. 370 by a vote of 221-197 on May 8, 2007. CRS-39 Appendix J. Number of Amendments to Budget Resolutions Considered in the House, FY1976-FY2008 Fiscal Amendmentsa Budget Resolution Year Accepted Rejected Total Success Rateb 1976 H.Con.Res. 218 3 3 6 50% 1977 H.Con.Res. 611 2 14 16 13% 1978 H.Con.Res. 195c 6 10 16 60% H.Con.Res. 214 2 6 8 25% 1979 H.Con.Res. 559 3 13 16 19% 1980 H.Con.Res. 107 11 34 45 24% 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 1 10 11 9% 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 2 2 4 50% 1983 H.Con.Res. 345c 11 27 38 29% H.Con.Res. 352 1 1 2 50% 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 0 0 0 -- 1985 H.Con.Res. 280 0 7 7 0% 1986 H.Con.Res. 152 1 6 7 14% 1987 H.Con.Res. 296c 0 0 0 -- H.Con.Res. 337 0 3 3 0% 1988 H.Con.Res. 93 1 3 4 25% 1989 H.Con.Res. 268 0 3 3 0% 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 1 4 5 20% 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 0 3 3 0% 1992 H.Con.Res. 121 1 3 4 25% 1993 H.Con.Res. 287 0 3 3 0% 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 0 3 3 0% 1995 H.Con.Res. 218 0 4 4 0% 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 0 3 3 0% H.Con.Res. 122c 0 0 0 -- 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 0 3 3 0% 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 0 5 5 0% CRS-40 Fiscal Amendmentsa Budget Resolution Year Accepted Rejected Total Success Rateb 1999 H.Con.Res. 284 0 2 2 0% 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 0 3 3 0% 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 0 5 5 0% 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 0 4 4 0% 2003 H.Con.Res. 100 0 0 0 -- 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 0 4 4 0% 2005 H.Con.Res. 393 0 4 4 0% 2006 H.Con.Res. 95 0 4 4 0% 2007 H.Con.Res. 376 0 3 3 0% 2008 H.Con.Res. 99 0 3 3 0% Source: Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov]. Notes: This list includes first budget resolutions only. The number of amendments in this table does not include any amendments automatically agreed to upon the adoption of the special rule reported by the House Rules Committee providing for the consideration of the budget resolution. a. No amendments were withdrawn or ruled out of order. b. "Success rate" is the percentage of amendments accepted. c. The budget resolution was rejected (see Appendix C in this report). CRS-41 Appendix K. Amendments in the Nature of a Substitute to Budget Resolutions Made in Order by a Special Rule in the House, FY1976-FY2008 Fiscal Budget Amendment Date Vote Disposition Year Resolution Sponsor 1976 H.Con.Res. 218a -- -- -- -- 1977 H.Con.Res. 611a -- -- -- -- 1978 H.Con.Res. 195b -- -- -- -- H.Con.Res. 214a -- -- -- -- 1979 H.Con.Res. 559a -- -- -- -- 1980 H.Con.Res. 107a -- -- -- -- 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 Obey 04-30-1980 201-213 rejected Ottinger 04-30-1980 70-336 rejected Holt 05-01-1980 164-246 rejected Rousselot 05-06-1980 191-218 rejected Latta 05-06-1980 175-242 rejected 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 Fauntroy 05-06-1981 69-356 rejected Obey 05-06-1981 119-303 rejected Latta 05-07-1981 253-176 accepted 1983 H.Con.Res. 345c Miller (CA) 05-24-1982 181-225 rejected Obey 05-24-1982 152-268 rejected Fauntroy 05-24-1982 86-322 rejected Rousselot 05-25-1982 182-242 rejected Latta 05-27-1982 192-235 rejected Aspin 05-27-1982 137-289 rejected Jones (OK) 05-27-1982 171-253 rejected H.Con.Res. 352 Latta 06-10-1982 220-207 accepted Jones (OK) 06-10-1982 202-225 rejected 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 Lattad -- -- -- 1985 H.Con.Res. 280 Wirth 04-04-1984 1-401 rejected Dannemeyer 04-04-1984 51-354 rejected Roemer 04-04-1984 59-338 rejected Dixon 04-05-1984 76-333 rejected McHugh 04-05-1984 132-284 rejected MacKay 04-05-1984 108-310 rejected Latta 04-05-1984 107-311 rejected 1986 H.Con.Res. 152 Dannemeyer 05-22-1985 39-382 rejected Pursell 05-22-1985 87-335 rejected Leland 05-22-1985 54-361 rejected Latta 05-23-1985 102-329 rejected 1987 H.Con.Res. 296e -- -- -- -- H.Con.Res. 337 Dannemeyer 05-15-1986 73-338 rejected Leland 05-15-1986 61-359 rejected Latta 05-15-1986 145-280 rejected CRS-42 Fiscal Budget Amendment Date Vote Disposition Year Resolution Sponsor 1988 H.Con.Res. 93 Gray (PA) 04-09-1987 230-192 accepted Gray (PA) 04-09-1987 27-394 rejected Dannemeyer 04-09-1987 47-369 rejected Dymally 04-09-1987 56-362 rejected 1989 H.Con.Res. 268 Dannemeyer 03-23-1988 75-347 rejected Porter 03-23-1988 64-354 rejected Penny 03-23-1988 27-394 rejected 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 Dannemeyer 05-04-1989 72-350 rejected Dellums 05-04-1989 81-343 rejected Kasich 05-04-1989 30-393 rejected Gephardt 05-04-1989 49-373 rejected 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 Kasich 04-26-1990 106-305 rejected Dannemeyer 04-26-1990 48-354 rejected Dellums 05-01-1990 90-334 rejected 1992 H.Con.Res. 121 Dannemeyer 04-17-1991 79-332 rejected Kasich 04-17-1991 114-303 rejected Gradison 04-17-1991 89-335 rejected 1993 H.Con.Res. 287 Dannemeyer 03-04-1992 60-344 rejected Gradison 03-04-1992 42-370 rejected Towns 03-05-1992 77-342 rejected 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 Kasich 03-18-1993 135-295 rejected Solomon 03-18-1993 20-409 rejected Mfume 03-18-1993 87-335 rejected 1995 H.Con.Res. 218 Frank (MA) 03-10-1994 105-313 rejected Solomon 03-10-1994 73-342 rejected Mfume 03-11-1994 81-326 rejected Kasich 03-11-1994 165-243 rejected 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 Gephardt 05-18-1995 100-325 rejected Neumann 05-18-1995 89-342 rejected Payne (NJ) 05-18-1995 56-367 rejected H.Con.Res. 122f -- -- -- -- 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 Payne (NJ) 05-16-1996 63-362 rejected Orton 05-16-1996 130-295 rejected Sabo 05-16-1996 117-304 rejected 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 Doolittle 05-21-1997 119-313 rejected Brown (CA) 05-21-1997 91-339 rejected Waters 05-21-1997 72-358 rejected Kennedy 05-21-1997 123-306 rejected (MA) 05-21-1997 214-216 rejected Shuster 1999 H.Con.Res. 284 Neumann 06-05-1998 158-262 rejected Spratt 06-05-1998 164-257 rejected 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 Coburn 03-25-1999 2-426 rejected Minge 03-25-1999 134-295 rejected Spratt 03-25-1999 173-250 rejected CRS-43 Fiscal Budget Amendment Date Vote Disposition Year Resolution Sponsor 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 Owens 03-23-2000 70-348 rejected DeFazio 03-23-2000 61-351 rejected Stenholm 03-23-2000 171-243 rejected Sununu 03-23-2000 78-339 rejected Spratt 03-23-2000 184-233 rejected 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 Kucinich 03-28-2001 79-343 rejected Stenholm 03-28-2001 204-221 rejected Flake 03-28-2001 81-341 rejected Spratt 03-28-2001 183-243 rejected 2003 H.Con.Res. 353 -- -- -- -- 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 Hill 03-20-2003 174-254 rejected Toomey 03-20-2003 80-342 rejected Cummings 03-20-2003 85-340 rejected Spratt 03-20-2003 192-236 rejected 2005 H.Con.Res. 393 Cummings 03-25-2004 119-302 rejected Stenholm 03-25-2004 183-243 rejected Hensarling 03-25-2004 116-309 rejected Spratt 03-25-2004 194-232 rejected 2006 H.Con.Res. 95 Hensarling 03-17-2005 102-320 rejected Watt 03-17-2005 134-292 rejected Spratt 03-17-2005 165-264 rejected 2007 H.Con.Res. 376 Watt 05-17-2006 131-294 rejected Hensarling 05-18-2006 94-331 rejected Spratt 05-18-2006 184-241 rejected 2008 H.Con.Res. 99 Kilpatrick 03-29-2007 115-312 rejected Woolsey 03-29-2007 81-340 rejected Ryan 03-29-2007 160-268 rejected Source: Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov]. Notes: See Appendix H for a list of special rules providing for consideration of budget resolutions in the House. An amendment in the nature of a substitute strikes all text after the resolving clause and replaces it with a different text. This list includes first budget resolutions only. Text of the amendments may be found in the Congressional Record and the report accompanying the special rule (see Appendix I). a. The budget resolution was not considered under a special rule. b. The budget resolution was considered under an open rule (H.Res. 515); no specific amendments in the nature of a substitute were made in order. H.Con.Res. 195 was rejected (see Appendix C in this report). c. H.Con.Res. 345 was rejected (see Appendix C in this report). d. The special rule (H.Res. 144) made in order an amendment in the nature of a substitute by, and if offered by, Rep. Latta, but he did not offer one. e. The budget resolution was considered under a closed rule (H.Res. 397). H.Con.Res. 296 was rejected (see Appendix C in this report). f. The budget resolution was considered under a closed rule (H.Res. 309). H.Con.Res. 122 was rejected (see Appendix C in this report). CRS-44 Appendix L. Number of Amendments to Budget Resolutions Considered in the Senate, FY1976-FY2008 Amendments Fiscal Year Budget Resolution Withdrawn or Ruled Accepted Rejected Total Success Ratea Out-of-Order 1976 S.Con.Res. 32 1 4 0 5 20% 1977 S.Con.Res. 109 1 7 0 8 13% 1978 S.Con.Res. 19 5 2 0 7 71% 1979 S.Con.Res. 80 0 9 0 9 0% 1980 S.Con.Res. 22 5 12 0 17 29% 1981 S.Con.Res. 86 11 28 0 39 28% 1982 S.Con.Res. 9b 4 31 1 36 11% S.Con.Res. 19 2 17 0 19 11% 1983 S.Con.Res. 92 9 28 0 37 24% 1984 S.Con.Res. 27 7 24 0 31 23% 1985 S.Con.Res. 106 2 0 0 2 100% 1986 S.Con.Res. 32 14 23 0 37 38% 1987 S.Con.Res. 120 15 5 2 22 68% 1988 S.Con.Res. 49 4 9 2 15 27% CRS-45 Amendments Fiscal Year Budget Resolution Withdrawn or Ruled Accepted Rejected Total Success Ratea Out-of-Order 1989 S.Con.Res. 113 8 4 0 12 67% 1990 S.Con.Res. 30 23 2 1 26 88% 1991 S.Con.Res. 110 1 0 0 1 100% 1992 S.Con.Res. 29 7 5 3 15 47% 1993 S.Con.Res. 106 15 3 3 21 71% 1994 S.Con.Res. 18 22 28 0 50 44% 1995 S.Con.Res. 63 26 9 4 39 67% 1996 S.Con.Res. 13 26 34 9 69 38% 1997 S.Con.Res. 57 41 22 4 67 61% 1998 S.Con.Res. 27 39 12 13 64 61% 1999 S.Con.Res. 86 57 8 41 106 54% 2000 S.Con.Res. 20 57 8 30 95 60% 2001 S.Con.Res. 101 38 12 8 58 66% 2002 H.Con.Res. 83c 51 10 5 66 77% 2003 S.Con.Res. 100d -- -- -- -- -- 2004 S.Con.Res. 23 44 35 3 82 54% CRS-46 Amendments Fiscal Year Budget Resolution Withdrawn or Ruled Accepted Rejected Total Success Ratea Out-of-Order 2005 S.Con.Res. 95 39 19 6 64 61% 2006 S.Con.Res. 18 48 24 1 73 66% 2007 S.Con.Res. 83 54 27 6 87 62% 2008 S.Con.Res. 21 63 24 4 91 69% Source: Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov]. Note: This list includes first budget resolutions only. a. "Success rate" is the percentage of amendments accepted. b. The budget resolution was adopted by the Senate on April 2, 1981, by a vote of 88-10; no further action was taken. c. The Senate Budget Committee did not mark up or report a budget resolution for FY2002. Instead, the Senate considered the House-passed budget resolution after the Senate Budget Committee was discharged from its consideration. d. The Senate Budget Committee reported the FY2003 budget resolution, but the full Senate did not consider it. CRS-47 Appendix M. Timing of House Action on Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 Date Conference Fiscal Year Budget Resolution (companion measure) Typea Date Consideration Began Date of Initial Passage Report Adopted 1976 H.Con.Res. 218 (S.Con.Res. 32) first 04-30-1975 05-01-1975 05-14-1975 H.Con.Res. 466 (S.Con.Res. 76) second 11-11-1975 11-12-1975 12-12-1975 1977 S.Con.Res. 109 (H.Con.Res. 611) first 04-27-1976 04-29-1976 05-13-1976 S.Con.Res. 139 (H.Con.Res. 728) second 09-08-1976 09-09-1976 09-16-1976 S.Con.Res. 10 (H.Con.Res. 110) third 02-22-1977 02-23-1977 03-03-1977 1978 S.Con.Res. 19 (H.Con.Res. 214) first 05-03-1977 05-05-1977 05-17-1977 H.Con.Res. 341 (S.Con.Res. 43) second 09-07-1977 09-08-1977 09-15-1977 1979 S.Con.Res. 80 (H.Con.Res. 559) first 05-02-1978 05-10-1978 05-17-1978 H.Con.Res. 683 (S.Con.Res. 104) second 08-15-1978 08-16-1978 09-21-1978 1980 H.Con.Res. 107 (S.Con.Res. 22) first 04-30-1979 05-14-1979 05-24-1979 S.Con.Res. 53 (H.Con.Res. 186) second 11-28-1979 11-28-1979 --b 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 (S.Con.Res. 86) first 04-23-1980 05-07-1980 06-12-1980 H.Con.Res. 448 (S.Con.Res. 119) second 11-18-1980 11-18-1980 11-20-1980 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 (S.Con.Res. 19) first 04-30-1981 05-07-1981 05-20-1981 S.Con.Res. 50 (H.Con.Res. 230) second 12-10-1981 12-10-1981 --c 1983 S.Con.Res. 92 (H.Con.Res. 352) -- 06-10-1982 06-10-1982 06-22-1982 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 (S.Con.Res. 27) -- 03-22-1983 03-23-1983 06-23-1983 CRS-48 Date Conference Fiscal Year Budget Resolution (companion measure) Typea Date Consideration Began Date of Initial Passage Report Adopted 1985 H.Con.Res. 280 (S.Con.Res. 106) -- 04-04-1984 04-05-1984 10-01-1984 1986 S.Con.Res. 32 (H.Con.Res. 152) -- 05-22-1985 05-23-1985 08-01-1985 1987 S.Con.Res. 120 (H.Con.Res. 337) -- 05-14-1986 05-15-1986 06-26-1986 1988 H.Con.Res. 93 (S.Con.Res. 49) -- 04-08-1987 04-09-1987 06-23-1987 1989 H.Con.Res. 268 (S.Con.Res. 113) -- 03-23-1988 03-23-1988 05-26-1988 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 (S.Con.Res. 30) -- 05-03-1989 05-04-1989 05-17-1989 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 (S.Con.Res. 110) -- 04-25-1990 05-01-1990 10-08-1990 1992 H.Con.Res. 121 (S.Con.Res. 29) -- 04-16-1991 04-17-1991 05-22-1991 1993 H.Con.Res. 287 (S.Con.Res. 106) -- 03-04-1992 03-05-1992 05-21-1992 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 (S.Con.Res. 18) -- 03-17-1993 03-18-1993 03-31-1993 1995 H.Con.Res. 218 (S.Con.Res. 63) -- 03-10-1994 03-11-1994 05-05-1994 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 (S.Con.Res. 13) -- 05-17-1995 05-18-1995 06-29-1995 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 (S.Con.Res. 57) -- 05-15-1996 05-16-1996 06-12-1996 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 (S.Con.Res. 27) -- 05-20-1997 05-21-1997 06-05-1997 1999d H.Con.Res. 284 (S.Con.Res. 86) -- 06-04-1998 06-05-1998 -- 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 (S.Con.Res. 20) -- 03-25-1999 03-25-1999 04-14-1999 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 (S.Con.Res. 101) -- 03-23-2000 03-23-2000 04-13-2001 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 (no companion measure)e -- 03-27-2001 03-28-2001 05-09-2001 CRS-49 Date Conference Fiscal Year Budget Resolution (companion measure) Typea Date Consideration Began Date of Initial Passage Report Adopted 2003f H.Con.Res. 353 (S.Con.Res. 100) -- 03-20-2002 03-20-2002 -- 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 (S.Con.Res. 23) -- 03-20-2003 03-21-2003 04-11-2003 2005g S.Con.Res. 95 (H.Con.Res. 393) -- 03-24-2004 03-25-2004 05-19-2004 2006 H.Con.Res. 95 (S.Con.Res. 18) -- 03-16-2005 03-17-2005 04-28-2005 2007h H.Con.Res. 376 (S.Con.Res 83) -- 04-06-2006 05-18-2006 -- 2008 S.Con.Res. 21 (H.Con.Res. 99) -- 03-28-2007 03-29-2007 05-17-2007 Source: Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov]. a. "Type" refers to whether the budget resolution was the first, second, or third for the fiscal year. For the first seven years of the congressional budget process, Congress adopted multiple budget resolutions each year. Since the FY1983 budget resolution, Congress has adopted only one a year. b. The House rejected its version of the budget resolution (see Appendix C of this report) and adopted the Senate's version; no conference report was necessary. c. The House laid its version of the budget resolution on the table by unanimous consent and adopted the Senate's version; no conference report was necessary. d. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY1999. e. The Senate Budget Committee did not mark up or report a budget resolution for FY2002. Instead, the Senate considered the House-passed budget resolution after the Senate Budget Committee was discharged from its consideration. f. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2003. g. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2005. The House agreed to the conference report on S.Con.Res. 95, May 19, 2004; the Senate did not consider it. h. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2007. CRS-50 Appendix N. Timing of Senate Action on Budget Resolutions, FY1976-FY2008 Date Conference Fiscal Year Budget Resolution (Companion Measure) Typea Date Consideration Began Date of Initial Passage Report Adopted 1976 H.Con.Res. 218 (S.Con.Res. 32) first 04-29-1975 05-05-1975 05-14-1975 H.Con.Res. 466 (S.Con.Res. 76) second 11-19-1975 11-20-1975 12-11-1975 1977 S.Con.Res. 109 (H.Con.Res. 611) first 04-08-1976 04-12-1976 05-12-1976 S.Con.Res. 139 (H.Con.Res. 728) second 09-08-1976 09-09-1976 09-15-1976 S.Con.Res. 10 (H.Con.Res. 110) third 02-21-1977 02-22-1977 03-03-1977 1978 S.Con.Res. 19 (H.Con.Res. 214) first 05-02-1977 05-03-1977 05-13-1977 H.Con.Res. 341 (S.Con.Res. 43) second 09-07-1977 09-09-1977 09-15-1977 1979 S.Con.Res. 80 (H.Con.Res. 559) first 04-24-1978 04-26-1978 05-15-1978 H.Con.Res. 683 (S.Con.Res. 104) second 08-25-1978 09-06-1978 09-23-1978 1980 H.Con.Res. 107 (S.Con.Res. 22) first 04-23-1979 04-25-1979b 05-23-1979 S.Con.Res. 53 (H.Con.Res. 186) second 11-16-1979 11-16-1979 --c 1981 H.Con.Res. 307 (S.Con.Res. 86) first 05-05-1980 05-12-1980 06-12-1980 H.Con.Res. 448 (S.Con.Res. 119) second 11-18-1980 11-19-1980 11-20-1980 1982 H.Con.Res. 115 (S.Con.Res. 19) first 05-07-1981 05-12-1981 05-21-1981 S.Con.Res. 50 (H.Con.Res. 230) second 12-08-1981 12-09-1981 --c 1983 S.Con.Res. 92 (H.Con.Res. 352) -- 05-14-1982 05-21-1982 06-23-1982 1984 H.Con.Res. 91 (S.Con.Res. 27) -- 05-02-1983 05-19-1983 06-23-1983 1985 H.Con.Res. 280 (S.Con.Res. 106) -- 05-18-1984 05-18-1984 09-26-1984 CRS-51 Date Conference Fiscal Year Budget Resolution (Companion Measure) Typea Date Consideration Began Date of Initial Passage Report Adopted 1986 S.Con.Res. 32 (H.Con.Res. 152) -- 04-25-1985 05-09-1985 08-01-1985 1987 S.Con.Res. 120 (H.Con.Res. 337) -- 04-21-1986 05-01-1986 06-27-1986 1988 H.Con.Res. 93 (S.Con.Res. 49) -- 04-28-1987 05-06-1987 06-24-1987 1989 H.Con.Res. 268 (S.Con.Res. 113) -- 04-11-1988 04-14-1988 06-06-1988 1990 H.Con.Res. 106 (S.Con.Res. 30) -- 05-02-1989 05-04-1989 05-18-1989 1991 H.Con.Res. 310 (S.Con.Res. 110) -- 06-14-1990 06-14-1990 10-09-1990 1992 H.Con.Res. 121 (S.Con.Res. 29) -- 04-23-1991 04-25-1991 05-22-1991 1993 H.Con.Res. 287 (S.Con.Res. 106) -- 04-07-1992 04-10-1992 05-21-1992 1994 H.Con.Res. 64 (S.Con.Res. 18) -- 03-17-1993 03-25-1993 04-01-1993 1995 H.Con.Res. 218 (S.Con.Res. 63) -- 03-22-1994 03-25-1994 05-12-1994 1996 H.Con.Res. 67 (S.Con.Res. 13) -- 05-18-1995 05-25-1995 06-29-1995 1997 H.Con.Res. 178 (S.Con.Res. 57) -- 05-15-1996 05-23-1996 06-13-1996 1998 H.Con.Res. 84 (S.Con.Res. 27) -- 05-20-1997 05-23-1997 06-05-1997 1999d H.Con.Res. 284 (S.Con.Res. 86) -- 03-27-1998 04-02-1998 -- 2000 H.Con.Res. 68 (S.Con.Res. 20) -- 03-25-1999 03-25-1999 04-15-1999 2001 H.Con.Res. 290 (S.Con.Res. 101) -- 04-04-2000 04-07-2000 04-13-2001 CRS-52 Date Conference Fiscal Year Budget Resolution (Companion Measure) Typea Date Consideration Began Date of Initial Passage Report Adopted 2002 H.Con.Res. 83 (no companion measure)e -- 04-02-2001 04-06-2001 05-10-2001 2003f H.Con.Res. 353 (S.Con.Res. 100) -- -- -- -- 2004 H.Con.Res. 95 (S.Con.Res. 23) -- 03-18-2003 03-26-2003 04-11-2003 2005g S.Con.Res. 95 (H.Con.Res. 393) -- 03-08-2004 03-12-2004 -- 2006 H.Con.Res. 95 (S.Con.Res. 18) -- 03-14-2005 03-17-2005 04-28-2005 2007h H.Con.Res. 376 (S.Con.Res. 83) -- 03-13-2006 03-16-2006 -- 2008 S.Con.Res. 21 (H.Con.Res. 99) -- 03-20-2007 03-23-2007 05-17-2007 Source: Legislative Information System of the U.S. Congress [http://www.congress.gov]. a. "Type" refers to whether the budget resolution was the first, second, or third for the fiscal year. For the first seven years of the congressional budget process, Congress adopted multiple budget resolutions each year. Since the FY1983 budget resolution, Congress has adopted only one a year. b. The text of S.Con.Res. 22 was inserted in H.Con.Res. 107 on May 15, 1979. c. The House adopted the Senate's version of the budget resolution; no conference report was necessary. d. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY1999. e. The Senate Budget Committee did not mark up or report a budget resolution for FY2002. Instead, the Senate considered the House-passed budget resolution after the Senate Budget Committee was discharged from its consideration. f. The Senate did not consider the FY2003 budget resolution on the floor; ultimately, Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2003. g. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2005. The House agreed to the conference report on S.Con.Res. 95, May 19, 2004; the Senate did not consider it. h. Congress did not complete action on a budget resolution for FY2007. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-RL30297