For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-R40089 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ £ ¢ Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress £ ¢ The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) serves as the cornerstone for the United States' foreign assistance policies and programs. Written, passed, and signed into law at what some consider the height of the Cold War, the Act is seen by some today as anachronistic. Ironically, when President Kennedy urged the 87th Congress to enact foreign aid legislation that would exemplify and advance the national interests and security strategies of the United States post-World War II, he described the existing foreign aid mechanisms as bureaucratic, fragmented, awkward, and slow. Some have used the same language today, nearly 50 years later, to characterize the legislation he promoted. There are indications that the 111th Congress may visit the issue of amending the current body of law that comprises foreign aid policy, starting with the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. This report presents the executive branch authorities of that Act, and correlates those authorities with the operative appropriations measure (P.L. 110-161, as continued by P.L. 110-329) that funds those authorities. For many years, annual foreign aid appropriations measures have waived the requirement that funds must be authorized before they are appropriated and expended. Understanding the relation between the authorities in the cornerstone Act and the appropriations is key to any consideration of reforming foreign aid legislation. £ Background ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Other Authorizations ................................................................................................................. 2 Foreign Assistance Act of 1961: Authorities and Appropriations ................................................... 4 Authorization............................................................................................................................. 4 Appropriation ............................................................................................................................ 5 Table 1. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as enacted (P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.; 75 Stat. 424) ................................................................................................................................. 1 Table 2. Selected Other Authorizations ........................................................................................... 3 Table 3. Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as Amended: Authorizations and Corresponding Appropriations in Department of State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2008 ............................................................................................................. 6 Author Contact Information .......................................................................................................... 27 £ The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.), enacted at the behest of President Kennedy, sought to organize and implement U.S. foreign assistance programs with a commitment to long-range economic assistance to the developing world. The President, in a "Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Aid," delivered March 22, 1961, described the U.S. foreign aid programs emerging from World War II as [b]ureaucratically fragmented, awkward and slow, its administration is diffused over a haphazard and irrational structure covering at least four departments and several other agencies. The program is based on a series of legislative measures and administrative procedures conceived at different times and for different purposes, many of them now obsolete, inconsistent and unduly rigid and thus unsuited for our present needs and purposes. Its weaknesses have begun to undermine confidence in our effort both here and abroad.1 President Kennedy went on to note the declining prestige of the United States' foreign aid apparatus and the negative impact of that decline on administering and staffing programs abroad. The President also cited the uneven and undependable short-term financing of programs and the resulting disincentive for long-term efficient planning. Congress and the executive branch worked together to enact the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 to address these shortcomings at a time when much of the developing world was emerging as newly independent states, when those new nations were, "without exception ... under Communist pressure," and when "the free industrialized nations" found themselves in a position "to assist the less-developed nations on a long-term basis ... [as they find themselves] on the threshold of achieving sufficient economic, social and political strength and self-sustained growth to stand permanently on their own feet."2 Though the original Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 lengthened the authorization time frame for funding development assistance to five years, other programs were authorized for shorter periods. The Act still required occasional reauthorization legislation to renew programs beyond that original time frame, and Congress retained its role of appropriating funds. The original Act authorized the funding levels shown in Table 1. detcane sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF .1 elbaT )424 .tatS 57 ;.qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( noitazirohtuA margorP noitaruD dna sleveL gnidnuF ecnatsissa tnempoleveD 2691 raey lacsif rof noillib 2.1 ]202 .ces[ "sraey gnideeccus ruof txen eht fo hcae rof" noillib 5.1$ lacinhcet dna stnarg tnempoleveD "2691 raey lacsif eht ni gninnigeb esu rof" noillim 083$ deecxe ot toN noitarepooc ]212 .ces[ seetnaraug tnemtsevnI taht ta ,sraey lacsif( 4691 ,03 enuJ hguorht ,noillim 09$ deecxe ot toN ]122 .ces[ )raey nevig a ni enuJ hguorht yluJ nar ,emit seitinutroppo tnemtsevni fo syevruS ]232 .ces[ "2691 raey lacsif ni gninnigeb esu rof" noillim 5$ deecxe ot toN 1 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy, 1961. "Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Aid," March 22, 1961. pp. 203-212. 2 Kennedy, March 22, 1961. p. 205. £ noitazirohtuA margorP noitaruD dna sleveL gnidnuF lanoitanretni ot snoitubirtnoC ]203 .ces[ 2691 raey lacsif rof noillim 5.351$ deecxe ot toN smargorp dna snoitazinagro ecnatsissa gnitroppuS "2691 raey lacsif eht ni gninnigeb esu rof" noillim 564$ deecxe ot toN ]204 .ces[ dnuf ycnegnitnoC ]154 .ces[ 2691 raey lacsif rof noillim 003$ deecxe ot toN ecnatsissa yratiliM dna 2691 sraey lacsif eht ni gninnigeb esu rof" ,noillib 7.1$ deecxe ot toN ]405 .ces[ "3691 Through 1985, Congress regularly enacted new authorization legislation or amended the original Act to update authorization time frames, and to incorporate newer programs and authorities. After 1986, however, Congress turned more frequently to enacting freestanding authorities that did not amend the 1961 Act, and included language in annual appropriations measures to waive the requirement to keep authorizations current. Thus, sections in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, in many instances, do not refer to authorization beyond fiscal years 1986 and 1987 (unless the program was added to the Act by an amendment enacted after that period), but programs are continued through appropriations.3 £ A few programs are established outside the statutory framework of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and thus are not included in detail in this report.4 Reimbursable military exports, for example, are addressed in the Arms Export Control Act and subsequent Security Assistance Acts. Since 1985, the last year Congress passed a comprehensive reauthorization of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, both Congress and the President have promoted a variety of specialized authorities in freestanding legislation. Some freestanding laws that authorize foreign aid or apply new conditions to aid authorized in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 are shown in Table 2. 3 Sec. 10 of the Foreign Military Sales Amendments, 1971 (P.L. 91-672; 22 U.S.C. 2412) requires authorization before appropriations, stating that "no money appropriated for foreign assistance (including foreign military sales) shall be available for obligation or expenditure--(1) unless the appropriation thereof has been previously authorized by law; or (2) in excess of an amount previously prescribed by law." The section, however, is routinely waived, most recently in sec. 653 of the Department of State, Foreign Operations and (division J of P.L. 110-161; 121 Stat. 2342), which states "Funds appropriated by this Act, except funds appropriated under the headings `Trade and Development Agency' and `Overseas Private Investment Corporation', may be obligated and expended notwithstanding section 10 of Public Law 91-672 and section 15 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956." 4 Still other laws have been enacted to augment the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961--setting limited-term conditions for aid otherwise provided for in the Act. P.L. 109-159, for example, which provides for the transfer to the Republic of Korea of obsolete or surplus items with military application, is a freestanding law but draws on the President's authority stated in sec. 516 of the Act to transfer excess defense articles. Similarly, Congress has enacted a series of laws to transfer excess or obsolete naval vessels to U.S. allies. Congress has also enacted acts in recent years authorizing conditional aid to targeted populations or organizations in Sudan, North Korea, Afghanistan, and Iran. 4002 ,32 yraunaJ wal otni dengis ;.qes )916 .ces( te 1077 .C.S.U 22 ;881-901 ".5002 dna 4002 sraey lacsif fo hcae rof yrassecen eb yam sa smus hcus" sezirohtua-- .L.P fo D noisiviD fo IV eltiT :dednema sa ,3002 fo tcA egnellahC muinnelliM .)305 .ces( )seirtnuoc detbedni ylivaeh tsom eht rof feiler tbed ot gnitaler( "tcA snoitutitsnI laicnaniF lanoitanretnI eht fo 5261 noitces tuo yrrac ot retfaereht raey lacsif hcae dna 4002 raey lacsif eht rof yrassecen eb yam sa smus hcus" sezirohtua-- ;)104 .ces( 3102 raey lacsif hguorht 1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF eht ot dedda smargorp rof gnidnuf sezirohtua-- ;)202 .ces( 3102 raey lacsif hguorht dnuF labolG eht ot snoitubirtnoc .S.U sezirohtua-- 3002 ,72 yaM wal otni dengis ;.qes te :dednema sa ,3002 fo tcA 1067 .C.S.U 22 ;52-801 .L.P airalaM dna ,sisolucrebuT ,SDIA/VIH tsniagA pihsredaeL setatS detinU .)202 .ces( noillim 055$ deecxe ot ton 1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF eht fo 605 .ces rednu nwodward sezirohtua-- ;)801 .ces( 6002 dna 5002 sraey lacsif fo hcae rof yrassecen eb yam sa smus hcus sezirohtua-- ;)301 .ces( tcA DEES eht ni denifed esoht ot ralimis natsinahgfA rof dnuF esirpretnE na hsilbatse ot noillim 003$ sezirohtua-- ;)301 .ces( erom dna ,scitocranretnuoc ,tnemeltteser dna noitairtaper ,sdeen 2002 ,4 rebmeceD nairatinamuh tnegru rof 6002 hguorht 3002 sraey lacsif rof noillim 51$ sezirohtua-- wal otni dengis ;.qes te 1057 .C.S.U 22 ;723-701 .L.P :dednema sa ,2002 fo tcA troppuS modeerF natsinahgfA .)21 .ces( "dahC nretsae dna noiger rufraD eht ni sisirc sthgir namuh dna nairatinamuh eht sserdda ot" 5002 raey lacsif rof noillim 002$ dna ,tnemeerga ecaep evisneherpmoc a fo noitatnemelpmi eht troppus ot ,7002 dna 6002 sraey lacsif rof yrassecen eb yam sa smus hcus dna ,5002 raey lacsif rof noillim 001$ sezirohtua-- ;)5 .ces( ".erutlucirga dna ,htlaeh ,noitacude ,erutcurtsarfni snoitacinummoc ,noitartsinimda livic rof troppus gnidulcni ,ecnanrevog citarcomed dna ecaep" rof "naduS fo tnemnrevoG eht yb dellortnoc ton" noitalupop esenaduS eht 2002 ,12 rebotcO eraperp ot 5002 hguorht 3002 sraey lacsif eht fo hcae rof noillim 001$ sezirohtua-- wal otni dengis ;eton 1071 .C.S.U 05 ;542-701 .L.P :dednema sa ,tcA ecaeP naduS .)311 .ces( hcraeser dna ,sdradnats muminim teem ot seirtnuoc ngierof ot ecnatsissa ,ecnatsissa mitciv ngierof rof sdnuf sezirohtua-- ;)311 .ces( eporuE ni noitarepooC dna ytiruceS rof noitazinagrO eht ot snoitubirtnoc yratnulov rof dnasuoht 003$ sezirohtua-- ;)311 .ces( gnikciffart tabmoc ot ecnatsissa laretalib ni 7002 hguorht 4002 sraey lacsif fo hcae rof noitucesorp rof noillim 01$ dna ,noitcetorp rof noillim 51$ ,noitneverp rof noillim 01$ sezirohtua-- ;)311 .ces( tcA eht yb detaerc osla ecroF ksaT eht fo troppus ni 7002 dna 6002 sraey lacsif fo hcae rof noillim 5.5$ dna ,5002 dna 4002 sraey lacsif fo hcae rof noillim 5$ ,3002 dna 0002 ,82 rebotcO 2002 sraey lacsif fo hcae rof noillim 3$ ,1002 raey lacsif rof noillim 5.1$ sezirohtua-- wal otni dengis ;.qes te 1017 .C.S.U 22 ;683-601 .L.P :dednema sa ,0002 fo tcA noitcetorP smitciV gnikciffarT 8691 ,22 rebotcO )snaol ,sesael ,selas smra( stropxe yratilim elbasrubmier sezirohtua-- wal otni dengis ;.qes te 1572 .C.S.U 22 ;926-09 .L.P :tcA lortnoC tropxE smrA noitatiC esopruP :emaN ralupoP snoitazirohtuA rehtO detceleS . 2 elbaT £ £ esopruP :emaN ralupoP noitatiC :4002 fo tcA sthgiR namuH naeroK htroN 1087 .C.S.U 22 ;333-801 .L.P sthgir namuh rof 8002 hguorht 5002 sraey lacsif fo hcae rof noillim 2$ sezirohtua-- wal otni dengis ;.qes te ;)201 .ces( smargorp ycarcomed dna 4002 ,81 rebotcO ot snoitca rof 8002 hguorht 5002 sraey lacsif fo hcae rof noillim 2$ sezirohtua-- ;)401 .ces( noitamrofni fo modeerf etomorp ot ecnatsissa ni 8002 hguorht 5002 sraey lacsif fo hcae rof noillim 02$ sezirohtua-- .)302 .ces( yrtnuoc rieht fo edistuo snaeroK htroN :tcA troppuS modeerF narI 1071 .C.S.U 05 ;392-901 .L.P ,slaudividni citsemod dna ngierof" ot ecnatsissa lacitilop dna laicnanif sezirohtua-- wal otni dengis ;eton gnitomorp dna gnitroppus fo esoprup eht rof gnikrow seititne dna ,snoitazinagro 6002 ,03 rebmetpeS )203 .ces( ".narI rof ycarcomed Table 3 presents the authorities enacted in the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, and the corresponding appropriations that fund those authorities in the current foreign assistance appropriations Act. £ The left-side column of Table 3 cites sections of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as amended, that authorize programs, and provides the latest year for which authorization is enacted. Sections that establish a need for such a program--in the form of policy or finding statements, for example--are not cited. The Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is organized in a conventional manner, however, so those sections that state policy, findings, program requirements, or implementing structure can be found in the text of the law in sections proximate to the authorizing section. All of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is stated in the United States Code, beginning at 22 U.S.C. 2151. For each section that states the President's power to authorize funds, the relevant U.S. Code citation and year of enactment is included here. In nearly all cases, these sections have been substantially amended, or rewritten altogether, subsequent to enactment. This table reflects the language as amended. Though the sections generally afford the President the authority to furnish whatever assistance the section establishes, sec. 622(a) and (c) (22 U.S.C. 2382(a), (c)) of the Act states that [n]othing contained in this Act shall be construed to infringe upon the powers or functions of the Secretary of State.... Under the direction of the President, the Secretary of State shall be responsible for the continuous supervision and general direction of economic assistance, military assistance, and military education and training programs, including but not limited to determining where there shall be a military assistance (including civic action) or a military education and training program for a country and the value thereof, to the end that such programs are effectively integrated both at home and abroad and the foreign policy of the United States is best served thereby. £ In many instances, the President has delegated his authority to the Secretary of State, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development, or some other appropriate office holder. Delegations of authority are to be found, either in whole text or as a reference, in the U.S. Code, at sections corresponding to the section of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 that states the relevant authority. The right-side column of Table 3 states appropriations levels that correspond to the authorized program, as most recently enacted in the Department of State/Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 2008 (Division J of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008; P.L. 110-161; 121 Stat. 2277; as continued by sec. 101 of P.L. 110-329; 122 Stat. 3574). Section 699P of that Act, however, rescinds 0.81% of the budget authority provided for FY2008 for any discretionary account covered in the Act, to be applied proportionately within each account and item, and to each program, project, and activity within those accounts and items.5 This rescission is not reflected in the table; amounts shown are the amounts stated in the Appropriations Act as passed and signed into law on December 26, 2007. The General Provisions title of Appropriations Acts usually state conditions for administering the appropriations. In the table, those sections that state conditionality and terms that might be applicable to the aid being provided are also listed, and a Statute citation is provided if the reader wishes to read more. General provisions measures that apply to the entire appropriations Act, however, are not cited here; they are numerous and would have to be restated at every authority. So, for example, a General Provision section that prohibits assistance to a government of any country the government of which has been overthrown by military coup, is not cited here, but would apply to all authorities. For those provisions, it is best to refer to the text of the State/Foreign Operations Appropriations Act. 5 121 Stat. 2375. .)8632 .tatS 121( nerdlihc denodnaba dna decalpsid ,snahpro ,A996 ,ces dna ;)3632 .tatS 121( sesaesid laciport detcelgen ,986 .ces ;)2632 .tatS 121( acirfA ni semirc raw ,786 .ces ;)0632 .tatS 121( smargorp ygrene dna tnemnorivne ,486 .ces ;)6532 .tatS 121( margorp stnarg tnempoleved ,476 .ces ;)4532 .tatS 2121( erehpsimeh nretsew ,276 .ces ;)3532 .tatS 121( ecneloiv desab-redneg ,076 .ces ;)1532 .tatS 121( ytilibatnuocca dna ycnerapsnart ,866 .ces ;)1532 .tatS 121( gnidliub yticapac edart ,766 .ces ;)9432 .tatS 121( noitacude cisab ,466 .ces ;)7432 .tatS 121( ecnatsissa ecilop desab -ytinummoc ,166 .ces ;)6432 .tatS 121( dnuF noitalupoP .N.U eht ot noitubirtnoc ,066 .ces dna ;)7332 .tatS 121( sesnepxe niatrec fo tnemyap fo noitibihorp ,846 .ces ;)6332 .tatS 121( nwodward slanubirt semirc raw ,546 .ces ;)4332 .tatS 121( srebmem snoitaN detinU ot stnemyap no noitibihorp ,046 .ces ;)2332 .tatS 121( aisA ,836 .ces ;)8232 .tatS 121( seitirohtua laiceps ,436 .ces ;)5232 .tatS 121( stnuocca etarapes ,826 .ces ;)3232 .tatS 121( seitivitca lavivrus dlihc dna htlaeh labolg ,226 .ces ;)2232 .tatS 121( snoitacolla ,916 .ces ;)1232 .tatS 121( noitazilirets yratnulovni dna snoitroba rof gnidnuf no noitibihorp ,816 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( edart dna ecremmoc ,316 .ces ;)7132 .tatS 121( sdnuf fo ytilibaliava ,116 .ces :smret dna snoitidnoc rof ,osla eeS .9002 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 88.636,1$ setairporppA ecnatsissA tnempoleveD .)4922 .tatS 121( dednepxe litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 007,4$ :SDIA/VIH ,no hcraeser dna ,fo lortnoc dna ,tnemtaert ,noitneverp eht rof" ,noitidda nI .)2922 .tatS 121( 9002 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 51.348,1$ :"sesoprup hcus rof elbaliava esiwrehto sdnuf ot lanoitidda ni" ,setairporppa ,seitivitca htlaeh labolg roF lavivruS dlihC dna htlaeH labolG )h2512 .C.S.U 22( 531 .ces hguorht )1512 .C.S.U 22( 101 .ceS tnediserP eht ot detairporppA sdnuF snoitazirohtuA ecnatsissA tnempoleveD ;yciloP--1 retpahC ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT I traP )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD 8002 ,tcA snoitairporppA smargorP detaleR dna ,snoitarepO ngieroF ,etatS fo tnemtrapeD ni snoitairporppA gnidnopserroC dna snoitazirohtuA :dednemA sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF . 3 elbaT .))a( .cesbus( 7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof dezirohtua era sdnuF .))a( .cesbus( "tnempoleved ecruoser namuh dna ,noitartsinimda cilbup ,noitacude rof" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA ).3791 ni dedda ;c1512 .C.S.U 22( .tnempoleveD secruoseR namuH dna noitacudE .501 .ceS .))c( .cesbus( "airalam fo noitanimile dna ,lortnoc ,tnemtaert ,noitneverp eht rof" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA ).3002 ni dedda ;4-b1512 .C.S.U 22( .airalaM tabmoC ot ecnatsissA .C401 .ceS .))c( .cesbus( "sisolucrebut fo noitanimile dna ,lortnoc ,tnemtaert ,noitneverp eht rof" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA ).3002 ni dedda ;3-b1512 .C.S.U 22( .sisolucrebuT tabmoC ot ecnatsissA .B401 .ceS .SDIA/VIH fo gnirotinom dna ,tnemtaert ,noitneverp eht rof ecnatsissa hsinruf ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA ).3002 ni dedda ;2-b1512 .C.S.U 22( .SDIA/VIH tabmoC ot ecnatsissA .A401 .ceS .))g( .cesbus( 7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof dezirohtua era sdnuF .)4891 ni dedda ;)C()2()c( .cesbus( ".'dnuf lavivruS dlihC` eht sa ot derrefer eb yam ])B()2()c( .cesbus[ ot tnausrup snoitairporppA" .)5891 ni dedda ;)3()c( .cesbus( noitardyher dna ,noitazinummi ,erac htlaeh yramirp gnidulcni ,))2()c( .cesbus( srehtom dna nerdlihc fo sdeen laiceps eht gnidulcni ,))c( .cesbus( smargorp htlaeh rof ecnatsissa hsinruf ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA .))b( .cesbus( ".gninnalp noitalupop yratnulov rof" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot tnediserP .evoba ,I traP eeS eht sezirohtuA ).3891 ni dedda ;b1512 .C.S.U 22( .htlaeH dna noitalupoP .401 .ceS .))2()a( .cesbus( 7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof dezirohtua era sdnuF .)1891 ni dedda ;)g( .cesbus( tnempoleved larutlucirga ot detaler snoitutitsni laretalitlum ni noitapicitrap .S.U eunitnoc ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA .)9791 ni dedda ;)3()b( .cesbus( noitarotser dna noitcetorp tserof no sisahpme sezirohtuA .))b( .cesbus( erutcurtsarfni evorpmi dna ,snoitutitsni tiderc dna sgnivas laicnanif ezinagro ,snoitutitsni lacol nehtgnerts ot ytirohtua sedulcnI ."esab cimonoce elbaiv erom a edivorp ot saera larur ni tnemyolpme mraf-ffo dna mraf evitcudorp etaerc pleh ot...elpoep roop larur ot secivres cisab fo noisivorp eht...dnapxe ot...;noitirtunlam dna ,regnuh ,noitavrats etaivella ot...noitirtun dna ,tnempoleved larur ,erutlucirga rof...ecnatsissa hsinruf ot" tnediserP eht sezirohtuA ).3791 ni tcA eht ot dedda ;a1512 .C.S.U 22( .noitirtuN dna ,tnempoleveD laruR ,erutlucirgA .301 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .))b( .cesbus( "seiticapac evitcudorp esaercni dna secruoser cimonoce poleved ot dengised smargorp dna snalp egnar gnol gnitsissa nopu sisahpme htiw ,saera dna seirtnuoc fo tnempoleved cimonoce eht etomorp ot redro ni...snaol ekam ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" .))a( .cesbus( "seititne etavirp ro ,laretalitlum ,lanoiger hguorht ro yllaretalib ,ecnatsissa naol dna tnarg fo smargorp hguorht saera dna seirtnuoc ot...ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP eht ,retpahc siht fo sesoprup eht tuo yrrac ot redro nI" ).8791 ni dedda ;t1512 .C.S.U 22( .seitirohtuA lareneG .221 .ceS .))b( .cesbus( "smargorp noitavresnoc tnalp dna tnemeganam efildliw dnuos gnipoleved ni dna statibah efildliw gniniatniam dna gnitcetorp ni seirtnuoc tsissa ot" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).3891 ni dedda ;q1512 .C.S.U 22( .seicepS deregnadnE .911 .ceS .))b( .cesbus( "secruoser larutan dna tnemnorivne rieht eganam dna tcetorp ot seirtnuoc gnipoleved fo yticapac eht gninehtgnerts dna gnipoleved rof" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).7791 ni dedda ;p1512 .C.S.U 22( .secruoseR larutaN dna tnemnorivnE .711 .ceS .))e( .cesbus( "ecitcarp dna feileb suoigiler eerf ot thgir eht gnidulcni ,sthgir lacitilop dna livic ot ecnerehda desaercni etomorp ro egaruocne lliw hcihw seitivitca dna smargorp ,tuo gniyrrac...rof dna ,yfitnedi ot seiduts rof" snoitairporppa dnuF troppuS cimonocE dna ,acirfA rof dnuF tnempoleveD ,ecnatsissA tnempoleveD ni noillim 3$ naht ssel ton esu ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).5791 ni dedda ;n1512 .C.S.U 22( .sthgiR namuH .611 .ceS .)5891 ni dedda ;)f( .cesbus( seirtnuoc gnipoleved dna ,learsI ,setatS detinU eht gnoma stcejorp evitarepooc rof snoitairporppa rof dezirohtua era sdnuf ;))e( .cesbus( 7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof dezirohtua era sdnuF .))d( .cesbus( tnempoleved nabru dna ,seirtnuoc tseroop eht ni erutcurtsarfni fo tnempoleved laiceps ,noitcurtsnocer ,noitarepooc lacinhcet fo smargorp fo egnar a dna ;))b( .cesbus( ,noitavresnoc dna noitcudorp ygrene ni smargorp evitarepooc ,secruoser ygrene fo tnempoleved eht rof ecnatsissa hsinruf ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA ).5791 ni dedda ;d1512 .C.S.U 22( .seitivitcA tnempoleveD detceleS dna ,snoitazinagrO yratnuloV etavirP ,ygrenE .601 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .))d( .cesbus( "noitces .)5922 .tatS 121( smargorp noitatinas dna retaw gniknird siht rednu ecnatsissa edivorp ot...tcA ecaeP rof dooF eht fo I eltit rednu...seicnerruc efas rof noillim 003$ naht ssel ton setairporppa hcihw ,revewoh ,evoba ,I traP eeS lacol ni edam stnemyap esu yam tnediserP ehT" .))b( .cesbus( "noitatinas dna retaw efas ot ssecca elbatiuqe dna elbadroffa edivorp ot seirtnuoc gnipoleved .tcA ecaeP rof dooF eht fo I eltit rednu ni smargorp rof ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP eh]T[" ).5002 ni dedda seicnerruc lacol ni stnemyap fo noitcelloc eht yb dednuf ;deriuqer snoitairporppa oN ;b2512 .C.S.U 22( .noitatinaS dna retaW efaS edivorP oT ecnatsissA .531 .ceS .))f( .cesbus( 7002 dna 6002 sraey lacsif rof dezirohtua era yrassecen eb yam sa smus hcuS .))d( .cesbus( "nerdlihc elbarenluv rehto dna snahpro ot ecnatsissa setatS detinU fo ssenevitceffe eht erusaem ot metsys noitaulave dna gnirotinom a hsilbatse llahs" tnediserP ehT .))c( .cesbus( "nerdlihc elbarenluv rehto dna snahpro rof secivres dna erac cisab edivorp ot" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).5002 ni dedda ;f2512 .C.S.U 22( .nerdlihC elbarenluV rehtO dna snahprO rof ecnatsissA .531 .ceS .snosrep fo gnikciffart eht etanimile "ot dengised seitivitca dna ,stcejorp ,smargorp rof ,snoitazinagro laretalitlum dna latnemnrevognon hguorht ro ,yltcerid seirtnuoc ngierof ot" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).0002 ni dedda ;d2512 .C.S.U 22( .gnikciffarT fo noitanimilE eht rof sdradnatS muminiM teeM oT seirtnuoC ngieroF oT ecnatsissA .431 .ceS .))a( .cesbus( 9891 fo tcA )DEES( ycarcomeD naeporuE tsaE rof troppuS eht ro 1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngierof eht rednu ecnatsissa eviecer ot elbigile "seirtnuoc ni ecnanrevog doog fo smrof rehto etomorp dna ,ytilibatnuocca dna ycnerapsnart evorpmi ,noitpurroc tabmoc taht smargorp hsilbatse dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).0002 ni dedda ;c2512 .C.S.U 22( .ecnanrevoG dooG egaruocnE oT smargorP .331 .ceS .erutrot fo smitciv fo noitatilibaher eht rof ,stnarg fo mrof eht ni ,ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).8991 ni dedda ;2512 .C.S.U 22( .erutroT fo smitciV rof ecnatsissA .031 .ceS .)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces :smret dna snoitidnoc rof ,osla eeS .))j( .cesbus( .)7032 9991 raey lacsif rof dezirohtua era sdnuF .))1()a( .cesbus( "seirtnuoc lanoitisnart .tatS 121( 0102 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 4.02$ setairporppA ni seirtnuoc gnipoleved fo sknab lartnec ngierof dna stnemnrevog ngierof ot ecnatsissa lacinhcet edivorp ot margorp a hsilbatse ot dezirohtua si" ,)DIASU( tnempoleveD ecnatsissA lacinhceT sriaffA lanoitanretnI lanoitanretnI rof ycnegA .S.U eht fo rotartsinimdA eht dna etatS fo yraterceS yrusaerT eht fo tnemtrapeD eht htiw noitatlusnoc ni ,yrusaerT eht fo yraterceS ehT ).8991 ni dedda ;aa1512 ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB rehtO .C.S.U 22( .seirtnuoC lanoitisnarT ro gnipoleveD fo sknaB lartneC ngieroF dna ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT stnemnrevoG ngieroF oT ecnatsissA lacinhceT edivorP oT margorP .921 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .8891 raey lacsif fo dne eht ta stesnus ytirohtuA .))g( .cesbus( detaitini ti smargorp rossecederp fo gnirrefsnart eht rof dna ,))f( .cesbus( 6791-dim hguorht elor evitartsinimda na syalp )CIPO( noitaroproC tnemtsevnI etavirP saesrevO eht ;))d( .cesbus( aciremA nitaL ot detcerid si egarevoc ytnaraug nehw elor a syalp noitadnuoF naciremA-retnI ehT .))b( .cesbus( "stcejorp tnempoleved ytinummoc pleh-fles dna tiderc larutlucirga tuo yrrac ot...snoitazinagro tnempoleved tiforpnon etavirp dna ,sevitarepooc ,snoitutitsni gnidnel etavirp ot...seitnaraug eussi ot" dezirohtua si aDIASU ).4791 ni dedda ;a2812 .C.S.U 22( .smargorP tnempoleveD ytinummoC pleH-fleS dna tiderC evitcudorP dna larutlucirgA .A222 .ceS .2991 raey lacsif fo dne eht ta stesnus ytirohtuA .)122 .ces( "retlehs tsoc-wol rof secruoser gnillahsram ni seirtnuoc gnipoleved" gnitsissa ot dettimmoc ))a( .cesbus( "srotsevni elbigile ot seitnaraug eussi ot" dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).8791 ni detatser ;aciremA nitaL rof margorp gnisuoh a sa yllanigiro ,9691 ni dedda ;2812 .C.S.U 22( .noitazirohtuA .222 .ceS .)7432 .tatS 121( )6812 .C.S.U 22( 622 .ces hguorht )1812 .C.S.U 22( 122 .ceS tseroop eht rof feiler tbed laiceps ,266 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS smargorP ytnarauG tiderC rehtO dna gnisuoH--III eltiT .))a( .cesbus( "etairporppa smeed tnediserP eht sa ecnatsissa rehto hcus dna ,lacinhcet ,laicnanif edulcni llahs noitapicitrap hcuS ....learsI ni...nalp epytotorp gnitlased dna tnemtaert retaw elacs-egral a fo tnempoleved eht ni etapicitrap ot" dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).9691 ni dedda ;9712 .C.S.U 22( .tnalP gnitlaseD epytotorP .912 .ceS .))c( .cesbus( 7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof dezirohtua era sdnuF .))b( .cesbus( "snezitic setatS detinU yb derosnops ro dednuof ,setatS detinU eht edistuo hcraeser dna noitacude lacidem rof sretnec latipsoh" ot ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT .))a( .cesbus( "setatS detinU eht fo secitcarp dna saedi rof sretnec noitartsnomed dna yduts sa gnivres dna snezitic setatS detinU yb derosnops ro dednuof setatS detinU eht .)5922 .tatS 121( margorp daorbA slatipsoH dna sloohcS edistuo seirarbil dna sloohcs ot" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).tcA naciremA rof elbaliava si noillim 5.22$ naht ssel ton hcihw fo ,evoba ,I traP eeS lanigiro ni ;4712 .C.S.U 22( .daorbA slatipsoH dna sloohcS naciremA .412 .ceS )9712 .C.S.U 22( 912 .ces dna )4712 .C.S.U 22( 412 .ceS tnalP gnitlaseD epytotorP ;daorbA slatipsoH dna sloohcS naciremA--II eltiT 003 .ceS hguorht 602 .ceS smargorP rehtO--2 retpahC )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD ".etatS fo yraterceS eht fo ecnadiug ycilop eht rednu" ti stup dna ,"seimonoce tekram ot tekramnon morf noitisnart ni seirtnuoc dna ,saera dna seirtnuoc depoleved ssel fo tnempoleved laicos dna cimonoce eht ni slliks dna latipac etavirp setatS detinU fo noitapicitrap eht etatilicaf dna ezilibom ot" )CIPO( noitaroproC tnemtsevnI etavirP saesrevO eht setaerC ).9691 ni dedda ;1912 .C.S.U 22( .yciloP dna ,esopruP ,noitaerC .132 .ceS .)8532 .tatS 121( ytirohtua refsnart CIPO ,776 .ces dna ;)0232 .tatS 121( noinU teivoS remrof eht fo setats tnednepedni ,716 .ces ;)7132 .tatS 121( edart dna ecremmoc ,316 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS .)1922 .tatS 121( ylevitcepser ,8102 dna ,6102 ,6102 hguorht tnemesrubsid rof elbaliava niamer sraey lacsif esoht ni detagilbo sdnuf ;0102 hguorht 8002 sraey lacsif rof stnemtimmoc ytnaraug naol dna snoitagilbo naol tcerid rof elbaliava era sdnuF ."tnuoccA tidercnoN... eht morf refsnart yb devired eb ot" ,noillim 5.32$ setairporppa :tnuocca margorP .noillim 5.74$ deecxe ot ton elbaliava sekam :tnuocca tidercnoN noitaroproC tnemtsevnI etavirP saesrevO ))b0022 .C.S.U 22( B042 .ces hguorht )1912 .C.S.U 22( 132 .ceS( ecnatsissA tnemtsevnI dna tropxE--II eltiT noitaroproC tnemtsevnI etavirP saesrevO--VI eltiT .))a( .cesbus( 7991 raey lacsif fo dne eht ta stesnus ytirohtuA .))b( ,)a( .scesbus( erehwesle dna ,aipoihtE ,noinU teivoS remrof eht morf stnargimmi gniltteser "fo tluser a sa edam learsI ot snaol htiw noitcennoc ni derrucni sessol tsniaga seetnaraug eussi ot" dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).2991 ni dedda ;6812 .C.S.U 22( .margorP learsI oT seetnarauG naoL .622 .ceS .))l( .cesbus( 2991 raey lacsif fo dne eht ta stesnus ytirohtuA .))a( .cesbus( "dnaloP ni rotces etavirp eht fo esu eht rof secivres dna sdoog tropxe eht" ot detaler seitilibail niatrec revoc ot "knaB ]tropmI-tropxE[ eht ot seetnaraug edivorp ot" dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).9891 ni dedda ;5812 .C.S.U 22( .dnaloP rof margorP ecnarusnI tiderC edarT .522 .ceS .))c( .cesbus( 1991 raey lacsif fo dne eht ta stesnus ytirohtuA .))a( .cesbus( "seirtnuoc naciremA lartneC ni rotces etavirp eht fo esu eht rof secivres dna sdoog fo tropxe eht gnivlovni snoitcasnart rof gnicnanif rof...ecnarusni ro seetnaraug htiw noitcennoc ni knaB eht yb derrucni eb ot seitilibail rof knaB ]tropmI -tropxE[ eht ot seetnaraug edivorp ot" dezirohtua si aDIASU ).4891 ni dedda ;4812 .C.S.U 22( .aciremA lartneC rof margorP ecnarusnI tiderC edarT .422 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces :smret dna snoitidnoc rof ,osla eeS .)6922 .tatS 121( 0102 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot smargorp tiderc tuo yrrac ot DIASU rof sesnepxe evitartsinimda rof noillim 61.8$ setairporppA .)6922 .tatS 121( "setatS citlaB eht dna eporuE nretsaE rof ecnatsissA" rof dednetni sdnuf morf ro ,I traP rof detairporppa sdnuf morf refsnart yb devired eb ot noillim 12$ ot pu ,536 .ces dna noitces siht rof ,setairporppA .))f( .cesbus( 9002 raey ytirohtuA tiderC tnempoleveD lacsif hguorht dezirohtua era sdnuF .))a( .cesbus( "tiderc ot ssecca lluf gnikcal sdlohesuoh esirpretneorcim ot secivres laicnanif fo ytilibaliava eht esaercni ot ecnatsissa edivorp tnediserP eht ot detairporppA sdnuF ot" dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).4002 ni eltit esirpretneorciM ot derrefsnart ;801 .ces sa ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT 3891 ni dedda ;2122 .C.S.U 22( .stiderC tnempoleveD esirpretneorciM .652 .ceS .))a( .cesbus( "secivres tnempoleved ssenisub dna ,ecnatsissa lacinhcet ,gniniart ,latipac ot ssecca lluf gnikcal stneilc esirpretneorcim dna ecnaniforcim ot secivres rehto dna ,sgnivas ,tiderc fo ytilibaliava eht edulcni ot seirtnuoc gnipoleved ni smargorp rof" ecnatsissa edivorp ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).4002 ni dedda ;a1122 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA detegraT ;noitatnemelpmI ;noitazirohtuA .252 .ceS .)5922 .tatS 121( "nemow )d1122 .C.S.U 22( 552 .ces hguorht )1122 .C.S.U 22( 152 .ceS yllaicepse ,roop eht rof smargorp tnempoleved ecnaniforcim dna esirpretneorcim" ecnatsissA tnarG--A eltitbuS rof elbaliava si noillim 542$ naht ssel ton hcihw fo ,evoba ,I traP eeS ecnatsissA tnempoleveD esirpretneorciM--IV eltiT .))f( .cesbus( dnuf gnivlover tnuocca tidercnon eht esaercni ro hsinelper ot sdnuf sezirohtuA .))e( .cesbus( seitirohtua rossecederp morf sdnuf fo srefsnart sezirohtuA .))c( .cesbus( dnuf gnivlover tidercnon a sehsilbatsE .))a( .cesbus( ."7002 litnu eunitnoc llahs" dna ,ereh detats si )c( dna ,)b( ,)a(432 .ces rof ytirohtuA ).9691 ni dedda ;5912 .C.S.U 22( .sevreseR dna ytirohtuA tnemtsevnI tceriD ,ytirohtuA gniussI .532 .ceS .))h( .cesbus( seetnaraug seicnerruc lacol eussi dna ,))g( .cesbus( sraey 4 rof nur ot dna 8891 ni dedda ,gnicnanif ytiuqe no margorp tolip a hsilbatse ,))f( .cesbus( snoitcnuf ecnarusni rehto ecnanif ,))e( .cesbus( seitivitca laiceps eganam ,))d( .cesbus( tnemtsevni egaruocne ,))c( .cesbus( stnemtsevni tcerid ekam ,))b( .cesbus( stnemtsevni dna snaol eetnaraug ,))a( .cesbus( ecnarusni eussi ot dezirohtua si CIPO ).9691 ni dedda ;4912 .C.S.U 22( .smargorP rehtO dna ecnarusnI tnemtsevnI .432 .ceS .1791 dna 0791 sraey lacsif rof ,4591 fo tcA ytiruceS lautuM eht rednu deviecer stpiecer morf CIPO pu dnats ot latipac ni yap ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).9691 ni dedda ;2912 .C.S.U 22( .noitaroproC eht fo latipaC .232 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .))a( .cesbus( "smargorp...dna snoitazinagro lanoitanretni ot sisab tnarg a no snoitubirtnoc yratnulov ekam ot" dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).tcA lanigiro ni ;1222 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA lareneG .103 .ceS .)3532 .tatS 121( ecneloiv desab-redneg ,076 .ces dna ;)1532 .tatS 121( ytilibatnuocca dna ycnerapsnart ,866 .ces ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces ;)2232 .tatS 121( snoitacolla ,916 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS .)2132 .tatS 121( )317 .tatS 78 ;881-39 .L.P( 3791 fo tcA noitapicitraP margorP tnemnorivnE .N.U eht fo 2 .ces rof dna ,retpahc siht rof noillim 94.913$ setairporppA smargorP dna snoitazinagrO lanoitanretnI tnediserP eht ot detairporppA sdnuF )7222 .C.S.U 22( 703 .ces hguorht )1222 .C.S.U 22( 103 .ceS ecnatsissA cimonocE laretalitluM--VI eltiT smargorP dna snoitazinagrO lanoitanretnI--3 retpahC .sesoprup eseht rof sdnuf ecnatsissA tnempoleveD esu ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT )).5791 ni dedda ;d0222 .C.S.U 22( .noitazirohtuA .992 .ceS .))a( .cesbus( "sretnec hcraeser larutlucirga lanoitanretni rof troppus margorp edivorp...dna ,...ecneics larutlucirga fo krowten lanoitanretni eht ni ylluf erom seitisrevinu setatS detinU evlovni ,...troppus margorp mret-gnol edivorp ,...seirtnuoc gnipoleved yllarutlucirga fo slliks secruoser namuh dna yticapac" dliub ot seitisrevinu .S.U hguorht ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua .evoba ,I traP eeS si tnediserP ehT ).5791 ni dedda ;b0222 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA lareneG .792 .ceS )e0222 .C.S.U 22( 003 .ces hguorht )a0222 .C.S.U 22( 692 .ceS regnuH morF modeerF dna noitneverP enimaF--IIX eltiT .))d( .cesbus( 9002 raey lacsif hguorht dezirohtua era sdnuF .))a( eltitbus( "snoitutitsni ecnaniforcim detroppus-setatS detinU fo tnempoleved mret-gnol eht netaerht taht stnemevom laicnanif mret-trohs ro ,sisirc laicnanif lanoitan ,tcilfnoc livic ro raw ,sretsasid larutan morf ksir eht eganam dna loop ot...ytilicaF naoL ecnaniforciM setatS detinU a hsilbatse ot" dezirohtua si rotartsinimdA DIASU ehT ).0002 ni dedda ;3122 .C.S.U 22( .ytilicaF naoL ecnaniforciM setatS detinU .752 .ceS )3122 .C.S.U 22( 752 .ceS ytilicaF naoL ecnaniforciM setatS detinU--C eltitbuS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .)3632 .tatS 121( slairetam dethgirypoc .S.U fo ycarip gnitabmoc ,886 .ces dna ;)9532 .tatS 121( noitidartxe ,386 .ces ;)3532 .tatS 121( ecneloiv desab-redneg ,076 .ces ;)1532 .tatS 121( gnidliub yticapac edart ,766 .ces ;)7332 .tatS 121( aibmoloC ,946 .ces ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces ;)2232 .tatS 121( snoitacolla ,916 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces ;)7132 .tatS 121( sdnuf fo ytilibaliava ,116 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS .)4032 .tatS 121( 0102 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 64.723$ setairporppA smargorP gurdretnuoC naednA .)3032 .tatS 121( .0102 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 54.855$ setairporppA tnemecrofnE waL dna lortnoC scitocraN lanoitanretnI etatS fo tnemtrapeD ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB rehtO )j1922 .C.S.U 22( 094 .ces hguorht )1922 .C.S.U 22( 184 .ceS ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT lortnoC scitocraN lanoitanretnI--8 retpahC .spaws erutan -rof-tbed etatilicaf ot ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si rotartsinimdA DIASU ehT ).9891 ni dedda ;2822 .C.S.U 22( .segnahcxE tbeD laicremmoC rof ecnatsissA .264 .ceS )6822 .C.S.U 22( ]cis[ 664 .ces hguorht )1822 .C.S.U 22( ]cis[ 164 .ceS segnahcxE erutaN-roF-tbeD--7 retpahC .seirtnuoc naciremA lartneC rof ecnatsissa yratilimnon rof 9891 dna 8891 sraey lacsif rof noillim 2.1$ lanoitidda na dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).5891 ni dedda ;5722 .C.S.U 22( .9891 dna 8891 sraeY lacsiF rof noitazirohtuA .564 .ceS )6722 .C.S.U 22( 664 .ces hguorht )1722 .C.S.U 22( 164 .ceS evitaitinI tnempoleveD dna ,ecaeP ,ycarcomeD aciremA lartneC--6 retpahC .)ylevitcepser ,)m( dna ,)l( ,)k( .scesbus( 8002 hguorht 4002 sraey lacsif rof ,evitaitinI eniccaV airalaM eht dna ,evitaitinI SDIA lanoitanretnI eht ,dnuF eniccaV eht ot snoitubirtnoc .S.U rof dezirohtua era sdnuf lanoitiddA .))j( .cesbus( 9891 raey lacsif rof smargorp lortnoc esuba gurd lanoiger dna laretalitlum rof dezirohtua era sdnuf lanoitiddA .))I( .cesbus( 7791 dna 6791 sraey lacsif rof )AEAI( ycnegA ygrenE cimotA lanoitanretnI eht rof dezirohtua era sdnuf lanoitiddA .))c( .cesbus( 6791 hguorht 4791 sraey lacsif rof dna ,))b( .cesbus( 9691 raey lacsif ni gninnigeb dezirohtua era tnempoleveD nisaB sudnI rof sdnuF .))a( .cesbus( 7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof dezirohtua era sdnuF ).tcA lanigiro ni ;2222 .C.S.U 22( .noitazirohtuA .203 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .))b( .cesbus( feiler retsasid lanoitanretni rof ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).feiler eegufer rof ecnatsissa dezirohtua ,delaeper yltneuqesbus dna 1791 ni dedda ,noitces reilrae na hguoht ,5791 ni dedda ;2922 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA lareneG dna yciloP .194 .ceS .)3532 .tatS 121( ecneloiv desab-redneg ,076 .ces dna ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces :smret dna snoitidnoc rof ,osla eeS .)6922 .tatS 121( os od ot stseretni lanoitan eht ni si ti senimreted eh fi ecnatsissa noitisnart rof )smargorp yratilimnon rehto dna ecnatsissa tnempoleved( I traP morf noillim 51$ ot pu margorper ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA .)5922 .tatS 121( "sisirc ni seirtnuoc fo tnempoleved mret-gnol ot dna ycarcomed ot noitisnart troppus ot" ,dednepxe litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 54$ setairporppA sevitaitinI noitisnarT .)5922 .tatS 121( dednepxe litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 53.234$ setairporppA ecnatsissA retsasiD lanoitanretnI tnediserP eht ot detairporppA sdnuF )q2922 .C.S.U 22( K594 .ces hguorht )2922 .C.S.U 22( 194 .ceS ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT ecnatsissA retsasiD lanoitanretnI--9 retpahC .))3()c( .cesbus( "sisab elbasrubmier a no...ecnatsissa edivorp ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT .))2()c( .cesbus( stnemnrevog ngierof morf snoitubirtnoc tpecca ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" .))1()a( .cesbus( 4991 dna 3991 sraey lacsif rof detairporppa eb ot dezirohtua era sdnuF ).2791 ni dedda ;a1922 .C.S.U 22( .noitazirohtuA .284 .ceS .))4()a( .cesbus( "sesoprup emircitna rehto rof ro ,secnatsbus dellortnoc rehto dna sgurd ciportohcysp dna citocran fo lortnoc eht rof" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).1791 ni dedda ;1922 .C.S.U 22( .snoisivorP rehtO dna ,snoitinifeD ,snoitcA eciloP ngieroF ,noitanidrooC ,seitirohtuA lareneG ,yciloP .184 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .ezileB ni snaitiaH fo tnemeltteser rof dna ,rodavlaS lE ni snosrep decalpsid rof 3891 dna 2891 sraey lacsif ni sdnuf lanoitiddA ).1891 ni dedda ;o2922 .C.S.U 22( .aciremA lartneC ni snosreP decalpsiD rof ecnatsissA .I594 .ceS-- .aidobmaC ni enimaf dna esaesid fo snoitidnoc ot esnopser ni sdnuf lanoitiddA ).9791 ni dedda ;n2922 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA feileR retsasiD naidobmaC .H594 .ceS-- .senacirruh tnecer fo smitciv naciremA lartneC ot feiler rof 0891 raey lacsif ni sdnuf lanoitiddA ).9791 ni dedda ;m2922 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA feileR enacirruH naebbiraC laicepS .G594 .ceS-- .acirfA fo seirtnuoc gnipoleved eht ni efirts livic fo smitciv ot feiler rof 1891 raey lacsif ni dnuf lanoitiddA ).8791 ni dedda ;l2922 .C.S.U 22( .tnemeltteseR dna noitatilibaheR nacirfA .F594 .ceS-- .yekruT ni feiler ekauqhtrae rof "294 noitces rednu elbaliava edam sdnuf...esu ot detseuqer" si tnediserP ehT ).7791 ni dedda ;k2922 .C.S.U 22( .noitcurtsnoceR dna ,noitatilibaheR ,feileR yekruT .E594 .ceS-- .))b( ,)a( .cesbus( ainamoR ni feiler ekauqhtrae rof 7791 raey lacsif ni sdnuf lanoitiddA ).7791 ni dedda ;j2922 .C.S.U 22( .noitatilibaheR dna feileR nainamoR .D594 .ceS-- .))a( .cesbus( efirts livic fo tluser a sa "nonabeL ni elpoep ydeen rehto dna seegufer" ot feiler rof sdnuf lanoitiddA ).6791 ni dedda ;i2922 .C.S.U 22( .noitatilibaheR dna feileR nonabeL .C594 .ceS-- .))d( .cesbus( ylatI ni feiler ekauqhtrae rof 1891 raey lacsif rof sdnuf lanoitiddA .))b( .cesbus( ylatI ni feiler ekauqhtrae rof 8791 raey lacsif rof sdnuf lanoitiddA .))a( .cesbus( ylatI ni feiler ekauqhtrae rof 6791 raey lacsif rof sdnuf lanoitiddA ).6791 ni dedda ;h2922 .C.S.U 22( .noitatilibaheR dna feileR ylatI .B594 .ceS-- ."elpoep ydeen rehto dna seegufer" rof feiler rof sdnuf lanoitiddA ).5791 ni dedda ;f2922 .C.S.U 22( .noitatilibaheR dna feileR surpyC .594 .ceS-- .augaraciN dna natsikaP ni sdeen yrevocer ycnegreme dna feiler retsasid rof dezirohtua era sdnuf lanoitiddA ).4791 ni dedda ;c2922 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA feileR retsasiD .494 .ceS-- :detats ton si elbaliava eb ot sdnuf rof doirep etinif a snoitces emos ni hguoht ,lacirotsih deredisnoc eb dluohs gniwollof eht fo llA .stneve ralucitrap ot esnopser ni doirep trohs a rof ecnatsissa retsasid lanoitanretni lanoitidda ezirohtua ot 9 retpahc ni snoitces tneuqesbus detcane ssergnoC )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .)3532 .tatS 121( ecneloiv desab-redneg ,076 .ces dna ;)1532 .tatS 121( gnidliub yticapac edart ,766 .ces ;)9432 .tatS 121( noitacude cisab ,466 .ces ;)7432 .tatS 121( ecnatsissa ecilop desab-ytinummoc ,166 .ces ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces ;)2232 .tatS 121( snoitacolla ,916 .ces ;)0232 .tatS 121( noinU teivoS remrof eht fo setats tnednepedni ,716 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces ;)7132 .tatS 121( sdnuf fo ytilibaliava ,116 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS .)1032 .tatS 121( smargorp tcA troppuS MODEERF dna ,21 retpahc ,11 retpahc rof ,9002 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 47.993$ setairporppA noinU teivoS remroF eht fo setatS tnednepednI eht rof ecnatsissA )c5922 .C.S.U 22( C894 .ces hguorht )5922 .C.S.U 22( 894 .ceS ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB rehtO noinU teivoS remroF eht fo setatS tnednepednI ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT eht fo tnempoleveD citarcomeD dna cimonocE eht rof troppuS--11 retpahC .dednepxe litnu elbaliava niamer ot sdnuf sezirohtuA ).0991 ni dedda ;1922 .C.S.U 22( .acirfA rof dnuF tnempoleveD eht rof snoitairporppA fo snoitazirohtuA .794 .ceS .))o( .cesbus( )CCDAS( ecnerefnoC noitanidrooC tnempoleveD acirfA nrehtuoS eht yb detroppus srotces ot troppus dna ,))l( .cesbus( noitargetni lanoiger ,))I( .cesbus( seitinutroppo gnitareneg-emocni ,noitacude ,gninnalp ylimaf yratnulov ,htlaeh ,tnempoleved ecruoser larutan ,noitcudorp larutlucirga ,))h( .cesbus( noituloser tcilfnoc ,noitazitarcomed ,spuorg elbarenluv fo noitcetorp ,mrofer cimonoce "ezisahpme llahs...ecnatsiss]A[" .))d( .cesbus( retpahc siht rednu ecnatsissa naem osla ot dootsrednu eb dluohs ecnatsissA tnempoleveD ot wal ni ecnerefer ynA .))b( .cesbus( "acirfA narahaS-bus ni tnempoleved mret-gnol rof...ecnatsissa...hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).0991 ni dedda ;3922 .C.S.U 22( .acirfA narahaS-buS rof ecnatsissA tnempoleveD mreT-gnoL .694 .ceS ))4922 .C.S.U 22( 794 .ces dna )3922 .C.S.U 22( 694 .ceS( .evoba ,I traP eeS acirfA rof dnuF tnempoleveD--01 retpahC .acirfA ni feiler enimaf rof 5891 raey lacsif ni sdnuf lanoitiddA ).5891 ni dedda ;q2922 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA enimaF nacirfA .K594 .ceS -- ."nonabeL ni efirts tnecer" ot esnopser ni sdnuf lanoitiddA ).1891 ni dedda ;p2922 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA noitcurtsnoceR dna ,noitatilibaheR ,feileR ycnegremE nonabeL .J594 .ceS -- )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .))c( .cesbus( "slortnoc smotsuc dna ,draug tsaoc ,sdraug redrob lanoitan" gniniatniam rof ))b( .cesbus( ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).9991 ni dedda ;c6922 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA lortnoC redroB .C994 .ceS .))c( .cesbus( "edart dna ygrene dna...,noitatropsnart ,snoitacinummoc rof erutcurtsarfni fo noitcurtsnoc dna ,gnicnanif ,gninnalp eht ni srotsevni dna seinapmoc setatS detinU fo noitapicitrap eht" troppus ot ))b( .cesbus( ycnegA tnempoleveD dna edarT dna ,noitaroproC tnemtsevnI etavirP saesrevO ,knaB tropmI-tropxE eht sezirohtuA ).9991 ni dedda ;b6922 .C.S.U 22( .erutcurtsarfnI fo tnempoleveD .B994 .ceS .))c( .cesbus( "seimonoce rotces etavirp fo htworg eht rof yrassecen snaem dna serutcurts eht fo tnempoleved eht troppus" ot ))b( .cesbus( noiger eht ot ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).9991 ni dedda ;a6922 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA cimonocE .A994 .ceS .))c( .cesbus( "raw yb deyortsed erutcurtsarfni cimonoce dna laitnediser fo noitcurtsnocer eht ni gnitsissa )3( dna ;semoh rieht ot snosrep decalpsid yllanretni dna seegufer fo nruter eht gnitatilicaf )2( ;stcilfnoc eht fo smitciv fo sdeen nairatinamuh rof...)1(" ))a( .cesbus( "aisA lartneC dna susacuaC htuoS eht fo seirtnuoc eht rof ecnatsissa noitcurtsnocer cimonoce dna ecnatsissa nairatinamuh edivorp ot dezirohtua si tnediserP eh]T[" ).9991 ni dedda ;6922 .C.S.U 22( .stcilfnoC lanoigeR morF yrevoceR dnA noitailicnoceR etomorP oT ecnatsissA setatS detinU .994 .ceS )f6922 .C.S.U 22( F994 .ces hguorht )6922 .C.S.U 22( 994 .ceS aisA lartneC dna susacuaC htuoS eht .evoba ,11 retpahc ni noitazirohtua eeS fo seirtnuoC eht fo ecnednepednI lacitiloP dna cimonocE eht rof troppuS--21 retpahC .3991 raey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA ).2991 ni dedda ;c5922 .C.S.U 22( .snoitairporppA fo noitazirohtuA .C894 .ceS .decalpsid eht dna stnargim ,seegufer gnitcetorp dna ,lortnoc gurd ticilli gnitomorp ,noitatropsnart gnivorpmi ,noitavresnoc dna snoitcetorp latnemnorivne gnicnahne ,ytefas rotcaer raelcun nailivic gnitnemelpmi ,ygrene rof gnicirp desab-tekram gnitomorp ,noitacude gnimrofer ,secivres namuh dna htlaeh gninehtgnerts ,erutlucirga fo noitubirtsid desab-tekram gnitomorp ,tnemtsevni dna edart gnitomorp ,esirpretne etavirp gnipoleved ,aidem tnednepedni na gnipoleved ,smargorp wal fo elur dna ycarcomed ,sdeen nairatinamuh tnegru rof "noinU teivoS remrof eht fo setats tnednepedni eht ot ecnatsissa edivorp ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).2991 ni dedda ;5922 .C.S.U 22( .setatS tnednepednI eht rof ecnatsissA .894 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD )4432 .C.S.U 22( 425 .ceS selaS yratiliM ngieroF--3 retpahC .))g( .cesbus( "000,000,524$ deecxe ton yam raey lacsif yna ni...derrefsnart selcitra esnefed ssecxe fo eulav etagergga ehT .))a( .cesbus( "deifitsuj .)3532 .tatS 121( seirtnuoc rehto niatrec dna seirtnuoc naeporuE htuos saw selcitra hcus fo tpiecer hcihw rof seirtnuoc ot selcitra esnefed ssecxe refsnart dna lartnec rof selcitra esnefed ssecxe ,966 .ces dna ;)3232 .tatS 121( tnempiuqe ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).5991 ni detatser yllaitnatsbus hguoht ,tcA lanigiro esnefed ssecxe no noitacifiton ,426 .ces :smret dna snoitidnoc rof ,osla eeS ni ;j1232 .C.S.U 22( .selcitrA esnefeD ssecxE refsnarT ot ytirohtuA .615 .ceS .))d( .cesbus( nwod nward sah eh hcihw morf noitairporppa eht esrubmier ot yrassecen eb yam sa smus hcus dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT .))a( .cesbus( seicnegreme neeserofnu teem ot ,)noillim 002$ ,secnatsni tceles emos ni ,ro( noillim 001$ deecxe ot ton ,selcitra esnefed nwod ward ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).9791 ,6791 ni detatser yllaitnatsbus hguoht ,tcA lanigiro ni ;8132 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA laicepS .605 .ceS .7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA ).5891 ni detatser yllaitnatsbus hguoht ,tcA lanigiro ni ;2132 .C.S.U 22( .noitazirohtuA .405 .ceS .))a( .cesbus( "ecnatsissa hcus eviecer ot elbigile esiwrehto si hcihw dna ecaep dlrow etomorp dna setatS detinU eht fo ytiruces eht nehtgnerts lliw sdnif tnediserP eht hcihw fo gnitsissa eht ,noitazinagro lanoitanretni ro yrtnuoc yldneirf yna ot...ecnatsissa yratilim hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).3791 ni detatser yllaitnatsbus hguoht ,tcA lanigiro ni ;1132 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA lareneG .305 .ceS ) .C.S.U 22( 715 .ces hguorht ) .C.S.U 22( 305 .ceS ecnatsissA yratiliM--2 retpahC )4032 .C.S.U 22( B205 .ces hguorht )1032 .C.S.U .22( 105 .ceS yciloP--1 retpahC II traP .))b( .cesbus( sthgir lacitilop dna livic ot ecnerehda dna ,slanoisseforp fo gniniart eht ,segnahcxe lanoitanretni ,ecremmoc dna ecnanrevog htob ni ycnerapsnart ,yraiciduj tnednepedni ,wal fo elur ,aidem tnednepedni ,snoitazinagro latnemnrevognon ,ycarcomed fo tnempoleved eht rof ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).9991 ni dedda ;d6922 .C.S.U 22( .yteicoS liviC fo tnempoleveD eht dna ,ecnareloT ,gninehtgnertS .D994 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD ".ytilibats lacitilop ro cimonoce etomorp ot redro ni...snoitazinagro dna seirtnuoc ot ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP" ehT ).8791 ni niaga dna 1791 ni detatser yllaitnatsbus hguoht ,"ecnatsissA gnitroppuS" sa tcA lanigiro ni ;6432 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA .135 .ceS .)5732 .tatS 121( snoissicser sdnuf detagilbonu ,O996 .ces dna ;)3732 .tatS 121( qarI ,K996 .ces ;)7632 .tatS 121( smargorp ytilibasid ,996 .ces ;)4632 .tatS 121( tpygE ,096 .ces ;)9532 .tatS 121( aisenodnI ,)b(976 .ces ;)6532 .tatS 121( margorp stnarg tnempoleved ,476 .ces ;)4532 .tatS 2121( erehpsimeh nretsew ,276 .ces ;)4532 .tatS 2121( truoC lanimirC lanoitanretnI eht ot ytrap stnemnrevog ngierof niatrec rof FSE no noitatimil ,176 .ces ;)3532 .tatS 121( ecneloiv desab-redneg ,076 .ces ;)1532 .tatS 121( gnidliub yticapac edart ,766 .ces ;)0532 .tatS 121( smargorp noitailicnocer ,566 .ces ;)9432 .tatS 121( noitacude cisab ,466 .ces ;)7432 .tatS 121( ecnatsissa ecilop desab-ytinummoc ,166 .ces ;)2432 .tatS 121( doohetats nainitselaP ,556 .ces ;)1432 .tatS 121( ytirohtuA nainitselaP eht ot ecnatsissa no noitatimil ,056 .ces ;)7332 .tatS 121( sesnepxe niatrec fo tnemyap fo noitibihorp ,846 .ces ;)8232 .tatS 121( seitirohtua laiceps ,436 .ces ;)5232 .tatS 121( stnuocca etarapes ,826 .ces ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces ;)2232 .tatS 121( snoitacolla ,916 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces ;)7132 .tatS 121( sdnuf fo ytilibaliava ,116 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS deunitnoc ,dnuF troppuS cimonocE .)0032 .tatS 121( )514-99 .L.P( 6891 fo tcA troppuS tnemeergA hsirI-olgnA eht ot tnausrup ,dnalerI rof dnuF lanoitanretnI eht ot noitubirtnoc a sa dnuF troppuS cimonocE ni noillim 51$ setairporppA dnalerI rof dnuF lanoitanretnI .)7922 .tatS 121( smargorp dnuF troppuS cimonocE rof noillim 28.499,2$ setairporppA dnuF troppuS cimonocE ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB rehtO )c6432 .C.S.U 22( 435 .ces hguorht )6432 .C.S.U 22( 135 .ceS ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT dnuF troppuS cimonocE--4 retpahC )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA ).6791 ni dedda ;a7432 .C.S.U 22( .noitazirohtuA .245 .ceS ".seirtnuoc ngierof fo lennosrep nailivic detaler dna yratilim ot gniniart dna noitacude yratilim...hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).6791 ni dedda ;7432 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA lareneG .145 .ceS .)4532 .tatS 2121( erehpsimeh nretsew ,276 .ces dna ;)3532 .tatS 121( ecneloiv desab-redneg ,076 .ces ;)7332 .tatS 121( aibmoloC ,946 .ces ;)7332 .tatS 121( sesnepxe niatrec fo tnemyap fo noitibihorp ,846 .ces ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces ;)7132 .tatS 121( sdnuf fo ytilibaliava ,116 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS .)9032 .tatS 121( dednepxe litnu elbaliava niamer yam noillim 3$ ot pu hcihw fo ,noillim 88.58$ setairporppA gniniarT dna noitacudE yratiliM lanoitanretnI tnediserP eht ot detairporppA sdnuF )h7432 .C.S.U 22( 945 .ces hguorht )7432 .C.S.U 22( 145 .ceS ecnatsissA yratiliM--VI eltiT gniniarT dna noitacudE yratiliM lanoitanretnI--5 retpahC .))a( .cesbus( "naebbiraC eht dna aciremA nitaL ni seirtnuoc ni ecitsuj fo noitartsinimda eht nehtgnerts ot redro ni ,snoitutitsni lanoiger dna lanoitan gnidulcni ,snoitazinagro dna seirtnuoc ot" ecnatsissa hsinruf ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA ).5891 ni dedda ;c6432 .C.S.U 22( .ecitsuJ fo noitartsinimdA .435 .ceS .))a( .cesbus( "ytilibats lacitilop ro cimonoce etomorp ot troppus cimonoce eriuqer yltnegru setatS detinU eht fo stseretni lanoitan eht nehw" esu ycnegreme rof elbaliava edam eb ot 235 .ces ni denifed sdnuf eht fo emos sezirohtuA ).1891 ni dedda ;b6432 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA ycnegremE .335 .ceS .))b(135 .ces( "tcA siht fo I trap gniretsinimda rof elbisnopser yliramirp ycnega eht fo noitartsinimdA eht htiw noitarepooc ni ytilibisnopser siht esicrexe llahs yraterceS ehT .yrtnuoc hcae rof margorp eht fo tnuoma eht dna yrtnuoc a rof margorp troppus cimonoce na eb lliw ereht rehtehw fo noitanimreted gnidulcni ,retpahc siht rednu smargorp troppus cimonoce rof snoitacifitsuj dna snoisiced ycilop rof elbisnopser eb llahs etatS fo yraterceS ehT" :swollof sa denimreted eb ot hcihw fo stneipicer eht doirep emas eht ni sdnuf rehto dna ,tpygE dna learsI rof 7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA ).8791 ni niaga dna 1791 ni detatser yllaitnatsbus hguoht ,"ecnatsissA gnitroppuS" sa tcA lanigiro ni ;a6432 .C.S.U 22( .snoitairporppA fo noitazirohtuA .235 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .noillim .))a( .cesbus( dednepxe litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 008$ sezirohtuA ).9791 008$ dedivorp )301 .tatS 39 ;53-69 .L.P( 9791 ,tcA snoitairporppA latnemelppuS ni dedda ;a9432 .C.S.U 22( .sdnuF fo noitazilitU dna noitazirohtuA .265 .ceS .))2( .arap( "secivres esnefed dna selcitra esnefed...hsinruf ot" dna ,))1( .arap( "detaucave eb ot era taht alusninep ianiS eht no matE dna noiztE ta detacol sesabria...eht ecalper ot...learsI ni sesab ria hcus tcurtsnoc ot...dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).9791 ni dedda ;9432 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA lareneG .165 .ceS )b9432( 365 .ces hguorht )9432 .C.S.U 22( 165 .ceS learsI ni noitcurtsnoC esaB riA--7 retpahC .)9791 ni dedda ;)c( .cesbus( ycnegreme neeserofnu na ot dnopser ot gnipeekecaeP ot sdnuF troppuS cimonocE morf sdnuf detimil refsnart ot tnediserP eht sezirohtuA .))a( .cesbus( 7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA ).8791 ni dedda ;a8432 .C.S.U 22( .snoitairporppA fo noitazirohtuA .255 .ceS ".setatS detinU eht fo stseretni ytiruces lanoitan eht fo ecnarehtruf ni tuo deirrac smargorp rehto dna snoitarepo gnipeekecaep rof...snoitazinagro lanoitanretni dna seirtnuoc yldneirf ot ecnatsissa hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).8791 ni dedda ;8432 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA lareneG .155 .ceS .)2632 .tatS 121( acirfA ni semirc raw ,786 .ces dna ;)3532 .tatS 121( ecneloiv desab-redneg ,076 .ces ;)6332 .tatS 121( nwodward slanubirt semirc raw ,546 .ces ;)8232 .tatS 121( seitirohtua laiceps ,436 .ces ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces ;)2232 .tatS 121( snoitacolla ,916 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces :smret dna snoitidnoc rof ,osla eeS .)1132 .tatS 121( noillim 32.362$ setairporppA snoitarepO gnipeekecaeP tnediserP eht ot detairporppA sdnuF )d8432 .C.S.U 22( 455 .ces hguorht )8432 .C.S.U 22( 155 .ceS ecnatsissA yratiliM--VI eltiT snoitarepO gnipeekecaeP--6 retpahC .))b( .cesbus( "smargorp dna sloohcs gniniart thgilf ta lennosrep esnefed nailivic dna yratilim ngierof fo ecnadnetta eht rof edivorp yam tnediserP ehT" .))a( .cesbus( ")seimedaca ecivres naht rehto( setatS detinU eht ni snoitutitsni noitacude yratilim lanoisseforp ta lennosrep yratilim ngierof fo ecnadnetta eht rof edivorp ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).5891 ni dedda ;c7432 .C.S.U 22( .gniniarT egnahcxE .445 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .3002 raey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA ).2002 ni detadpu yllaitnatsbus ,0002 ni dedda ;4-bb9432 .C.S.U 22( .snoitairporppA fo noitazirohtuA .685 .ceS .))a( .cesbuS( "...lennosrep hcus fo seitilibapac lortnoc tropxe dna noitarefilorpnon eht gnicnahne fo esoprup eht rof seirtnuoc ngierof fo lennosrep nailivic dna yratilim etairporppa ot gniniart dna noitacude...hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT" ).2002 ni dedda ;a2-bb9432 .C.S.U 22( .gniniarT lortnoC tropxE noitarefilorpnoN lanoitanretnI .485 .ceS ".snopaew hcus fo noitarefilorp fo stca ni devlovni slaudividni esoht fo noisneherppa eht dna ,snoitaluger dna swal noitarefilorpnon evitceffe fo tnemhsilbatse eht ,noitarefilorp fo gniretnuoc ro noitneverp dna ,noitcidretni ,gnirotinom ,ecnerreted ,noitceted eht ot detaler seitidommoc rehto dna ,tnempiuqe ,sdnuf fo noisivorp eht dna secivres gniniart ]rof[ ... ecnatsissa...hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP" ehT ).0002 ni dedda ;1-bb9432 .C.S.U 22( .ecnatsissA fo noitazirohtuA .285 .ceS .)7132 .tatS 121( sdnuf fo ytilibaliava ,116 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS )4-bb9432 .C.S.U 22( 685 .ces hguorht )bb9432 .C.S.U 22( 185 .ceS .evoba ,8 retpahc eeS ecnatsissA lortnoC tropxE dna noitarefilorpnoN--9 retpahC .3002 hguorht 1002 sraey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA ).retfaereht stnemdnema laitnatsbus htiw ,3891 ni dedda ;4-aa9432 .C.S.U 22( .snoitairporppA fo snoitazirohtuA .475 .ceS .wal fo snoisivorp rehto tsom gnidnatshtiwton "...stca tsirorret lanoitanretni ni gnigagne morf spuorg tsirorret dna stsirorret reted ot lennosrep tnemecrofne wal rieht fo ytiliba eht ecnahne ot redro ni seirtnuoc ngierof ot ecnatsissa...hsinruf ot dezirohtua si tnediserP" ehT ).3891 ni dedda ;aa9432 .C.S.U 22( .ytirohtuA lareneG .175 .ceS .)9532 .tatS 121( noitidartxe ,386 .ces dna ;)3532 .tatS 121( ecneloiv desab-redneg ,076 .ces ;)9432 .tatS 121( noitacude cisab ,466 .ces ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces ;)2232 .tatS 121( snoitacolla ,916 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces ;)7132 .tatS 121( sdnuf fo ytilibaliava ,116 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS .)6032 .tatS 1221( seitivitca gninimed ot ylppa taht 1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF eht fo snoitces rehto ro ,tcA lortnoC tropxE smrA eht fo 32 .ces ,tcA troppuS MODEERF eht fo 405 .ces ,)woleb( 9 retpahc ,8 retpahc tuo yrrac ot noillim 784$ setairporppA smargorP detaleR dna gninimeD ,msirorret-itnA ,noitarefilorpnoN )5-aa9432 .C.S.U 22( 575 .ces hguorht )aa9432 .C.S.U 22( 175 .ceS ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB rehtO ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT ecnatsissA msirorretitnA--8 retpahC )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .)2432 .tatS 121( tnemeriuqer noitazirohtua ,356 .ces dna ;)7232 .tatS 121( ecnatsissa tekram laicnanif ,036 .ces ;)0232 .tatS 121( noinU teivoS remrof eht fo setats tnednepedni ,716 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces ;)7132 .tatS 121( sdnuf fo ytilibaliava ,116 .ces ;)3132 .tatS 121( ecnawolla lanoitatneserper no noitatimil ,506 .ceS :smret dna snoitidnoc rof ,osla eeS .)1922 .))f( .cesbus( "retfaereht .tatS 121( 9002 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 4.05$ setairporppA raey lacsif hcae rof yrassecen eb yam sa smus hcus" dna 0002 raey lacsif rof sdnuf ycnegA tnempoleveD dna edarT sezirohtuA .))a( .cesbus( smargorp ADT rof sdnuf edivorp ot rotcerid sti sezirohtua dna )ADT( ycnegA tnempoleveD dna edarT eht sehsilbatsE ).2991 ni detatser ylevitnatsbus tnediserP eht ot detairporppA sdnuF ecnatsissA tnemtsevnI dna tropxE--II eltiT ,4791 ni dedda ;1242 .C.S.U 22( .ycnegA tnempoleveD dna edarT .166 .ceS )7242 .C.S.U 22( 766 .ces hguorht )1042 .C.S.U 22( 146 .ceS snoisivorP suoenallecsiM--3 retpahC .))b( .cesbus( "]1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF eht ot rossecederp[ 4591 fo tcA ytiruceS lautuM eht fo snoisivorp delaepernu" ni dna tcA siht ni snoitcnuf rof tnemtrapeD etatS eht fo "sesnepxe evitartsinimda rof emit ot emit morf yrassecen eb yam sa stnuoma hcus" ni ,snoitairporppa .)042-39 .L.P( 5791 raey lacsif ni rof detairporppa tsaL sezirohtuA ).tcA lanigiro ni ;7932 .C.S.U 22( .sesnepxE evitartsinimdA .736 .ceS .)0732 .tatS 121( natsikaP ,F996 .ces dna ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces :smret dna snoitidnoc rof ,osla eeS .)6922 .tatS 121( 0102 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot smargorp tiderc tuo yrrac ot DIASU rof sesnepxe evitartsinimda rof noillim 61.8$ setairporppA .)6922 .tatS 121( "setatS citlaB eht dna eporuE nretsaE rof ecnatsissA" rof dednetni sdnuf morf ro ,I traP rof detairporppa sdnuf morf refsnart .))b( .cesbus( "tcA siht fo snoitatimil eht yb devired eb ot noillim 12$ ot pu ,536 .ces dna noitces siht rof ,setairporppA ni htiw dna sesoprup eht fo ecnarehtruf ni snoitazinagro lanoitanretni dna setatS detinU ytirohtuA tiderC tnempoleveD eht tuohtiw ro nihtiw rehtehw ,ycnega tnemnrevog ro tnemnrevog yldneirf ,snosrep fo ydob rehto ro ,noitaroproc ,laudividni yna ,htiw snoitcasnart rehto otni retne ro tnediserP eht ot detairporppA sdnuF ,htiw stcartnoc dna stnemeerga mrofrep dna ekam ,ot stnarg dna ,secnavda ,snaol ekam ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT yam tnediserP ehT" ).tcA lanigiro ni ;5932 .C.S.U 22( .seitirohtuA lareneG .536 .ceS )d9932 .C.S.U 22( C046 .ces hguorht )1832 .C.S.U 22( 126 .ceS snoisivorP evitartsinimdA--2 retpahC )d8732 .C.S.U 22( J026 .ces hguorht )1532 .C.S.U 22( 106 .ceS snoisivorP lareneG--1 retpahC III traP )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD .))a( .cesbuS( ".stcA snoitairporppa yb ecnavda ni dedivorp si sa tnetxe hcus ot ro stnuoma hcus ni ylno desicrexe eb yam noitces siht yb dedivorp ytirohtua ehT" .dia ngierof fo smrof reilrae ro ,dnuF troppuS cimonocE ,dia yratilimnon rehto ro ecnatsissA tnempoleveD fo mrof eht ni "...yrtnuoc elbigile na ot edam snaol lanoissecnoc fo tluser a sa...setatS detinU eht ot dewo tnuoma eht ecuder yam tnediserP ehT" ).2991 ni dedda ;c0342 .C.S.U 22( .tbeD niatreC fo noitcudeR .407 .ceS .)8432 .tatS 121( selas ro skcabyub tbed ni egagne ot ytirohtua ,366 .ces dna ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces :smret dna snoitidnoc rof ,osla eeS .)7032 .tatS 121( )detcane sa 4243 .R.H ,311-601 .L.P( 0002 raeY lacsiF ,snoitairporppA detadilosnoC eht ni snoitairporppa suoenallecsim eht dna ,)371-97 .L.P( 5491 fo tcA knaB tropmI-tropxE eht ,)164-001 .L.P( 9891 ,tcA snoitairporppa smargorP detaleR dna ,gnicnaniF tropxE ,snoitarepO ngieroF eht ,)084-38 .L.P( tcA ecaeP rof dooF eht ni seitirohtua ,)woleb( V traP ,traP siht rof ,0102 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 3.03$ setairporppA gnirutcurtseR tbeD yrusaerT eht fo tnemtrapeD )i0342 .C.S.U 22( 017 .ces hguorht )0342 .C.S.U 22( 107 .ceS ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB rehtO ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT evitaitinI saciremA eht rof esirpretnE--VI traP .)7632 .tatS 121( smargorp ytilibasid ,996 .ces dna ;)8232 .tatS 121( seitirohtua laiceps ,436 .ces ;)3232 .tatS 121( natsinahgfA ,326 .ces ;)8132 .tatS 121( stnemeriuqer noitacifiton gnimmargorper ,516 .ces :snoitidnoc dna smret rof ,osla eeS .)7922 .tatS 121( 9002 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 83$ setairporppA lareneG rotcepsnI fo eciffO DIASU eht fo sesnepxE gnitarepO .)7922 .tatS 121( stsoc detaler dna noitcurtsnoc saesrevo rof ,dednepxe litnu elbaliava niamer ot ,noillim 88$ setairporppA DIASU eht fo dnuF tnemtsevnI latipaC .)6922 .tatS 121( 9002 ,03 rebmetpeS litnu elbaliava niamer yam noillim 52$ ot pu hcihw fo ,noillim 8.556$ setairporppA DIASU eht fo sesnepxE gnitarepO .smargorp ecnatsissa yratilimnon rehto dna ecnatsissa tnempoleved gnirevoc--tcA eht fo tnediserP eht ot detairporppA sdnuF I trap fo noitartsinimda eht rof 7891 dna 6891 sraey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA ).7791 ni ecnatsissA cimonocE laretaliB--III eltiT detatser ylevitnatsbus ,5791 ni dedda ;7242 .C.S.U 22( .sesnepxE gnitarepO .766 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD SRC yb delipmoC :ecruoS .)h1342 .C.S.U 22( 018 .ces rednu dehsilbatse si dnuF tseroF laciporT ehT .))d( .cesbus( stnemtsevni detaler-ecruoser larutan suoirav rof elbaliava sdnuf gnikam sezirohtuA .))a( .cesbus( ".yrtnuoc taht rof dnuF eht fo esu dna noitarepo eht gninrecnoc yrtnuoc elbigile yna htiw tnemeergA tseroF laciporT a otni retne ot...dezirohtua si etatS fo yraterceS ehT" ).7991 ni dedda ;g1342 .C.S.U 22( .tnemeergA tseroF laciporT .908 .ceS .))a( .cesbus( ))d(908 .ces( secruoser larutan sti ni tnemtsevni s'yrtnuoc tneipicer a rof egnahcxe ni tbed ecuder ro paws ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).7991 ni dedda ;f1342 .C.S.U 22( .skcabyuB tbeD dna spawS erutaN-roF-tbeD ni egagnE ot ytirohtuA .808 .ceS .))a( .cesbus( 1002 hguorht 9991 sraey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA .).qes te 1071 .C.S.U 7( margorp ecaeP rof dooF eht rednu dednetxe stiderc fo tluser a sa tbed ecuder ot dezirohtua si tnediserP ehT ).7991 ni dedda ;e1342 .C.S.U 22( .tcA ecaeP rof dooF eht fo I eltiT rednU dednetxE stiderC fo tluseR a sa setatS detinU eht ot dewO tbeD fo noitcudeR .708 .ceS .)b1342 .C.S.U 22( 408 .ces ni dehsilbatse ,ytilicaF tseroF laciporT eht rednu detcudnoc margorP .))d( .cesbus( 7002 hguorht 2002 sraey lacsif rof ,stiderc ecaeP rof dooF ot gnitaler ,708 .ces rednu ro noitces siht rednu tbed ecuder ot sdnuf sezirohtua rehtruF .))a( .cesbus( 1002 hguorht 9991 sraey lacsif rof sdnuf sezirohtuA .dia ngierof fo smrof reilrae ro ,dnuF troppuS cimonocE ,dia yratilimnon rehto ro ecnatsissA tnempoleveD fo mrof eht ni "...ytnuoc elbigile na ot edam snaol lanoissecnoc fo tluser a sa...setatS detinU eht ot dewo tnuoma eht ecuder yam tnediserP ehT" ).7991 ni dedda ;d1342 .C.S.U 22(.1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF eht rednu snaoL lanoissecnoC fo tluseR a sa setatS detinU eht ot dewO tbeD fo noitcudeR .608 .ceS )k1342 .C.S.U 22( 318 .ces hguorht )eton 1512 .C.S.U 22( 108 .ceS .evoba ,VI traP eeS stseroF laciporT htiw seirtnuoC gnipoleveD rof noitcudeR tbeD--V traP .)f0342 .C.S.U22( 707 .ces rednu dehsilbatse si dnuF saciremA ehT .))a( .cesbus( "yrtnuoc taht rof dnuF saciremA eht fo esu dna snoitarepo eht gninrecnoc yrtnuoc elbigile yna htiw tnemeergA krowemarF saciremA na otni retne ot...dezirohtua si etatS fo yraterceS ehT" ).2991 ni dedda ;g0342 .C.S.U 22( .stnemeergA krowemarF saciremA .807 .ceS )4753 .tatS 221 ;923-011 .L.P fo 101 .ces ).qes te 1512 .C.S.U 22 ;591-78 .L.P( yb deunitnoc sa ;7722 .tatS 121 ;161-011 .L.P fo J noisiviD( dednema sa ,1691 fo tcA ecnatsissA ngieroF snoitairporppA snoitarepO ngieroF/etatS fo tnemtrapeD £ Dianne E. Rennack Specialist in Foreign Policy Legislation drennack@crs.loc.gov, 7-7608 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ For other versions of this document, see http://wikileaks.org/wiki/CRS-R40089